重庆市城市养老服务社会化与政府职能转变研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 13:04

【摘要】：伴随着人口年龄结构的变化,世界各国纷纷进入老龄化社会,养老成了面临的共同问题,养老服务备受社会关注。重庆是中国较早进入人口老龄化的地区,日益壮大的老年群体,使得对养老服务的需求迅速膨胀,出现未富先老、高龄化、空巢化等现象,给重庆的发展带来巨大挑战。传统的家庭养老方式已不是唯一选择,养老服务走向社会化。中国从自身实际出发,结合基本国情,借鉴其他国家和地区成功的养老服务经验,构建起了以居家养老为主、社区照料为依托、机构养老为补充的社会化养老服务体系。对于社会化养老服务的研究,大多数专家学者是从单一养老模式切入,进行现状对策研究,或者是基于供需视角研究社会化养老的必要性。无论社会化养老服务如何开展,需要何种配套服务和支持体系,都离不开一定的政府行为和职能的发挥。而社会化养老服务体系的构建也促使政府职能转变,政府在社会化养老服务中职能的有效发挥直接关系到养老服务能否持续健康发展。本文以重庆市城市养老服务为研究对象,通过对重庆市老龄化现状和不同养老模式的考察,分析政府在养老服务中职能履行的偏差及其原因。发现政府存在观念、政策法规不健全、职能转变不到位、财政支出结构不合理、资金来源单一、舆论宣传力度不足等原因,制约了重庆市社会化养老服务的健康发展。而对于这些不足,应当从完善制度安排和转变职能等方面来统筹考虑。本文的结构安排如下:绪论部分,主要对研究背景、研究目的和意义,并对研究方法、文章创新和不足之处进行阐述。第一部分在对现有研究回顾基础上,从理论和现状两方面考察政府在养老服务社会化中的职能定位和不足之处。一是从政府养老的理论基础出发,明确政府的养老责任;二是从政府扮演的众多角色中梳理出政府在养老服务社会化中的职能定位;三是对政府在城市养老服务中的职能进行现状分析,得出政府在养老服务社会化中可能的职能转变方向。第二部分则是对重庆进行城市养老服务中政府职能转变的实证分析。首先是对重庆市老龄化和社会化养老服务发展现状进行考察,发现传统家庭养老、机构养老、社区养老、以房养老和新型养老模式在发展过程中都存在共性问题,进而指出政府在城市服务社会化中职能履行的偏差及其原因。第三部分是完善社会化养老服务体系过程中,政府职能履行的对策建议。通过健全法规制度、加大财政投入、完善监督机制、加快人才培养等实现养老服务社会化的持续运转。满足不同老年人群的多样化养老需求。结语部分是对本研究结论的概括和对所做研究不足的反思。对社会化的养老服务有着很高的期待,但是养老服务的现状与群众的需求之间还存在很大差距,决定了政府还应进一步转变职能,应对更多老龄化带来的机遇与挑战。
[Abstract]:With the changes of the age structure of the population, countries all over the world have entered the aging society, pension has become a common problem, pension services have attracted much attention. Chongqing is an area where China has entered the aging population early, and the aging population is growing stronger, which makes the demand for old-age services expand rapidly, leading to the phenomenon of aging before becoming rich, aging and empty-nesting, which brings great challenges to the development of Chongqing. Traditional family pension is not the only choice, pension services to socialize. Starting from its own reality, combining with the basic national conditions and drawing lessons from the successful pension service experience of other countries and regions, China has constructed a socialized old-age service system, which is mainly based on home pension, supported by community care and supplemented by institutional old-age support. For the research of socialized old-age service, most experts and scholars study the necessity of socialized old-age care from the angle of supply and demand by cutting into the single pension model, carrying on the current situation countermeasure research. No matter how socialized old-age service develops, what kind of supporting service and support system are needed, it can not be separated from certain government behavior and function. The construction of socialized old-age service system also promotes the transformation of government functions. The effective function of government in socialized old-age service is directly related to the sustainable and healthy development of old-age service. This paper takes the urban old-age service of Chongqing as the research object, analyzes the deviation of the government's function in the old-age service and its reasons through the investigation of the current situation of aging in Chongqing and the different pension modes. It is found that the existence of government concept, imperfect policies and regulations, inadequate function transformation, unreasonable structure of financial expenditure, single source of funds and insufficient publicity of public opinion restrict the healthy development of socialized old-age service in Chongqing. These deficiencies should be considered from the aspects of perfecting the system arrangement and transforming functions. The structure of this paper is as follows: introduction, mainly to the research background, research purpose and significance, and research methods, article innovation and shortcomings. The first part, on the basis of reviewing the existing research, examines the function orientation and deficiency of the government in the socialization of the old-age service from both the theory and the present situation. The first is to clarify the government's responsibility for the aged from the theoretical basis of the government's old-age support, and the second is to sort out the government's function orientation in the socialization of the old-age service from the numerous roles played by the government. The third is to analyze the current situation of the government's functions in the urban old-age service, and draw the possible direction of the government's function transformation in the socialization of the old-age service. The second part is the empirical analysis of the transformation of government functions in urban old-age service in Chongqing. The first is to investigate the current situation of aging and socialized old-age service in Chongqing, and find that there are common problems in the development process of traditional family pension, institutional pension, community old-age care, housing old-age care and new old-age care model. Furthermore, this paper points out the deviation of the government's function in the socialization of urban service and its reasons. The third part is the countermeasures and suggestions to fulfill the government functions in the process of perfecting the socialized old-age service system. Through perfecting the legal system, increasing the financial input, perfecting the supervision mechanism, speeding up the training of talents and so on, we can realize the continuous operation of the socialization of the old-age service. To meet the diverse pension needs of different elderly people. The conclusion part is the summary of the conclusion of this study and the reflection on the insufficiency of the research. There is a high expectation for the socialized old-age service, but there is still a big gap between the current situation of the old-age service and the needs of the masses, which determines that the government should further change its functions and deal with more opportunities and challenges brought by aging.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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