人口老龄化背景下广东省多元化养老模式的探究
发布时间：2018-10-15 18:21
【摘要】：人口结构的老龄化是世界人口发展的必然趋势,我国于1999年末也进入人口老龄化国家行列,人口老龄化进程的不断推进,其对于经济、社会的影响也逐渐显现,其中最为棘手的是老龄化社会下大量老年人的养老问题,发达国家进入老龄化社会经历的时间比较长,社会财富能够得到储备,其在应对老龄化上相对中国来说要从容。我国人口结构老龄化速度迅猛,而且成高龄化趋势,虽然我国在近30年的改革开放中经济得到了快速的发展,但是人口老龄化还是超前于社会经济的发展,造成了“未富先老”的现象,以何种方式养老成为了社会成员关注老龄问题的焦点。广东省作为我国改革开放和经济发展的前沿,珠三角地区人口结构中有大量是年轻的外来人口,但即使这样广东省也在2013年进入了老龄化,虽然广东的老龄化程度要稍低于全国人口老龄化的平均水平,但老龄化形势依旧严峻。面对人口老龄化现状,政府积极探索符合国情和老年人需求的养老模式,当前主流的养老模式有传统家庭养老模式,社区居家养老模式和机构养老模式,这三种模式各自特点鲜明,传统养老模式与中国传统“养子防老”等养老文化贴合紧密,所以一直是我国老年人首选模式,但在目前家庭小型化和少子女的现状下传统养老模式又显示出一些不足之处；相比传统家庭养老,机构养老模式能为不同需要层次的老年人提供相应的专业护理照料,但政府投资的压力大,养老机构门坎高,；社区居家养老模式介于其他两种模式之间,既能满足老年人对于来自家庭精神慰藉的需求,又能满足老年人对相对专业护理的要求,但相对机构养老模式其护理专业性较弱。从属性上来划分,这三种模式可以归结两种属性,自我养老和社会化养老。本文通过对广东省养老服务模式的现状进行分析,结合前人的相关理论与笔者在广东粤东地区所做的问卷调查,探究在“未富先老”的背景下,广东省应如何利用好其毗邻港澳的区位优势和经济实力,构建和规划一个多元化的养老服务模式以应对人口结构的老龄化。本文共分为五个部分,第一部分为研究概述,对研究的背景,从我国和广东省两个方面对人口老龄化的特点和现状进行了分析,以及对研究的问题、研究的意义、文献综述和研究的方法进行阐述,第二部分对家庭养老模式的概念界定、现状、类型和优势不足进行分析,第三部分对社区居家养老模式的概念、理论基础、类型和现状进行分析,第四部分对机构养老的概念、服务的内容与现状、与发达地区机构养老情况进行梳理比较,第五部分为研究结果和提出对策和建议。
[Abstract]:The aging of the population structure is the inevitable trend of the world population development. Our country also entered the ranks of the aging population in the end of 1999. With the continuous advancement of the aging process of the population, its impact on the economy and society has gradually appeared. Among them the most intractable is the aging society under a large number of elderly pension problems developed countries into the aging society for a long time the social wealth can be stored in response to the aging of China should be calm. The population structure of our country is aging rapidly, and the trend of aging is becoming older. Although the economy of our country has developed rapidly in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the aging of the population is still ahead of the development of social economy. As a result of the phenomenon of "getting old before getting rich", how to provide for the aged has become the focus of social members. Guangdong Province, as the forefront of China's reform, opening up and economic development, has a large number of young immigrants in the population structure of the Pearl River Delta region, but even so, Guangdong Province has also entered an aging age in 2013. Although Guangdong's aging level is slightly below the national average, the aging situation remains grim. In the face of the current situation of aging population, the government actively explores the old-age model that meets the national conditions and the needs of the elderly. At present, the mainstream old-age pension models include the traditional family pension model, the community home old-age care model and the institutional old-age care model. Each of these three models has distinct characteristics. The traditional old-age support model is closely related to the traditional Chinese old-age culture, such as "raising children and preventing the elderly", so it has always been the first choice for the elderly in China. However, under the present situation of family miniaturization and small number of children, the traditional old-age care model shows some shortcomings. Compared with the traditional family old-age care, the institutional old-age care model can provide corresponding professional nursing care for the elderly with different needs. However, the pressure of government investment is high, and the family pension model is between the other two. It can not only meet the needs of the elderly from the family spiritual comfort, but also meet the needs of the elderly for relatively professional care. But its nursing specialty is weaker than the institutional pension model. In terms of attributes, these three models can be attributed to two attributes, self-supporting and socialized. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the old-age service model in Guangdong Province, combining with the relevant theories of predecessors and the questionnaire survey conducted by the author in the eastern part of Guangdong Province, this paper explores the background of "getting old before getting rich". In order to cope with the aging of population structure, Guangdong Province should make good use of its regional advantages and economic strength to construct and plan a diversified service model for the aged. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is an overview of the research, the background of the study, from the two aspects of China and Guangdong Province, the characteristics and current situation of the aging population, as well as the research issues, the significance of the study. The second part defines the concept, the present situation, the type and the superiority insufficiency of the family pension model, the third part is the concept, the theoretical basis of the community home pension model, the second part analyzes the concept, the present situation, the type and the superiority insufficiency of the family pension model. The fourth part is about the concept of institutional old-age care, the content and present situation of service, and the comparison with the situation of institutional old-age care in developed regions. The fifth part is the research results and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6
本文编号：2273429
[Abstract]:The aging of the population structure is the inevitable trend of the world population development. Our country also entered the ranks of the aging population in the end of 1999. With the continuous advancement of the aging process of the population, its impact on the economy and society has gradually appeared. Among them the most intractable is the aging society under a large number of elderly pension problems developed countries into the aging society for a long time the social wealth can be stored in response to the aging of China should be calm. The population structure of our country is aging rapidly, and the trend of aging is becoming older. Although the economy of our country has developed rapidly in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the aging of the population is still ahead of the development of social economy. As a result of the phenomenon of "getting old before getting rich", how to provide for the aged has become the focus of social members. Guangdong Province, as the forefront of China's reform, opening up and economic development, has a large number of young immigrants in the population structure of the Pearl River Delta region, but even so, Guangdong Province has also entered an aging age in 2013. Although Guangdong's aging level is slightly below the national average, the aging situation remains grim. In the face of the current situation of aging population, the government actively explores the old-age model that meets the national conditions and the needs of the elderly. At present, the mainstream old-age pension models include the traditional family pension model, the community home old-age care model and the institutional old-age care model. Each of these three models has distinct characteristics. The traditional old-age support model is closely related to the traditional Chinese old-age culture, such as "raising children and preventing the elderly", so it has always been the first choice for the elderly in China. However, under the present situation of family miniaturization and small number of children, the traditional old-age care model shows some shortcomings. Compared with the traditional family old-age care, the institutional old-age care model can provide corresponding professional nursing care for the elderly with different needs. However, the pressure of government investment is high, and the family pension model is between the other two. It can not only meet the needs of the elderly from the family spiritual comfort, but also meet the needs of the elderly for relatively professional care. But its nursing specialty is weaker than the institutional pension model. In terms of attributes, these three models can be attributed to two attributes, self-supporting and socialized. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the old-age service model in Guangdong Province, combining with the relevant theories of predecessors and the questionnaire survey conducted by the author in the eastern part of Guangdong Province, this paper explores the background of "getting old before getting rich". In order to cope with the aging of population structure, Guangdong Province should make good use of its regional advantages and economic strength to construct and plan a diversified service model for the aged. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is an overview of the research, the background of the study, from the two aspects of China and Guangdong Province, the characteristics and current situation of the aging population, as well as the research issues, the significance of the study. The second part defines the concept, the present situation, the type and the superiority insufficiency of the family pension model, the third part is the concept, the theoretical basis of the community home pension model, the second part analyzes the concept, the present situation, the type and the superiority insufficiency of the family pension model. The fourth part is about the concept of institutional old-age care, the content and present situation of service, and the comparison with the situation of institutional old-age care in developed regions. The fifth part is the research results and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6
【参考文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 薛青;上海市机构养老与居家养老受养者比较研究[D];上海工程技术大学;2014年
，本文编号：2273429
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