建国初教育界知识分子思想改造运动研究（1949-1953）
发布时间：2018-10-22 16:08
【摘要】：建国初,百废待兴,国家经济恢复与建设需要大量人才。民国时期培养中等教育程度以上的知识分子约为400万人,高级知识分子约为6.7万人。教育界是知识分子云集之所,教育界知识分子身上不可避免地带有旧社会的烙印,如对马列主义、毛泽东思想认识不清,长期受到资产阶级腐朽的思想影响。为了推动建国初文化教育事业发展,恢复国家建设和经济建设的需要,如何对他们进行改造以最大限度地为新政权服务,是摆在新政权面前的一个迫切任务。1949年北平解放后,经过了第一、二次政治学习运动,批判《武训传》、陶行知教育思想、陈鹤琴及“活教育”,学校深入开展“三反”运动。在改造过程中,运用了群众运动、批评和自我批评方式,教育界知识分子思想改造具有自觉性、长期性、广泛性等特点。经过教育界知识分子思想改造运动,清除了过去落后的、封建的、腐朽的思想,推动了教育改革的进程和步伐,在知识分子中树立了马列主义、毛泽东思想的领导地位,总体上收到了预期效果。但是由于后期要求“过高过急”,方法简单粗暴,或多或少挫伤了知识分子的感情和积极性。思想改造首先是自觉地主动地改造,经过自我思想斗争,再结合一些外部助力,这样才能收到实效。建国初教育界知识分子思想改造运动对于当前制定党的知识分子政策仍有重要启示,在全面建成小康社会的进程中,应当充分尊重知识分子的独立性,增加执政党与知识分子的沟通和协商,这样才能最大限度地调动知识分子的积极性和创造性。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, a great deal of talents were needed for the national economic recovery and construction. During the period of the Republic of China, the number of intellectuals above secondary education was about 4 million, and that of senior intellectuals was about 67000. Education is a gathering place for intellectuals, and the intellectuals in education inevitably bear the brand of the old society, such as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong thought is not clear, and has been influenced by the decadent bourgeoisie thought for a long time. In order to promote the development of cultural and educational undertakings at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China and to restore the needs of national construction and economic construction, how to transform them to serve the new regime to the maximum extent is an urgent task facing the new regime. After the liberation of Peiping in 1949, After the first and second political study movement, criticizing "the biography of martial arts", Tao Xingzhi's educational thought, Chen Heqin and "living education", the school carried out the "three evils" movement in depth. In the process of transformation, the methods of mass movement, criticism and self-criticism have been used, and the ideological transformation of intellectuals in the educational circles has the characteristics of consciousness, long term and extensiveness. Through the ideological reform movement of intellectuals in the educational circles, the backward, feudal and decadent ideas of the past have been eliminated, the process and pace of educational reform have been promoted, and the leading positions of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought have been established among the intellectuals. On the whole, the expected results were received. However, due to the late demand "too high and too urgent", the method is simple and rude, more or less hurt the feelings and enthusiasm of intellectuals. First of all, the ideological transformation is to consciously and actively reform, through self-ideological struggle, and then combined with some external help, in order to achieve actual results. At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the ideological reform movement of the intellectuals in the educational circles still has important implications for the formulation of the Party's intellectual policy. In the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the independence of the intellectuals should be fully respected. Only by increasing the communication and consultation between the ruling party and the intellectuals can the initiative and creativity of the intellectuals be aroused to the maximum extent.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D663.5
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, a great deal of talents were needed for the national economic recovery and construction. During the period of the Republic of China, the number of intellectuals above secondary education was about 4 million, and that of senior intellectuals was about 67000. Education is a gathering place for intellectuals, and the intellectuals in education inevitably bear the brand of the old society, such as Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong thought is not clear, and has been influenced by the decadent bourgeoisie thought for a long time. In order to promote the development of cultural and educational undertakings at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China and to restore the needs of national construction and economic construction, how to transform them to serve the new regime to the maximum extent is an urgent task facing the new regime. After the liberation of Peiping in 1949, After the first and second political study movement, criticizing "the biography of martial arts", Tao Xingzhi's educational thought, Chen Heqin and "living education", the school carried out the "three evils" movement in depth. In the process of transformation, the methods of mass movement, criticism and self-criticism have been used, and the ideological transformation of intellectuals in the educational circles has the characteristics of consciousness, long term and extensiveness. Through the ideological reform movement of intellectuals in the educational circles, the backward, feudal and decadent ideas of the past have been eliminated, the process and pace of educational reform have been promoted, and the leading positions of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought have been established among the intellectuals. On the whole, the expected results were received. However, due to the late demand "too high and too urgent", the method is simple and rude, more or less hurt the feelings and enthusiasm of intellectuals. First of all, the ideological transformation is to consciously and actively reform, through self-ideological struggle, and then combined with some external help, in order to achieve actual results. At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the ideological reform movement of the intellectuals in the educational circles still has important implications for the formulation of the Party's intellectual policy. In the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the independence of the intellectuals should be fully respected. Only by increasing the communication and consultation between the ruling party and the intellectuals can the initiative and creativity of the intellectuals be aroused to the maximum extent.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D663.5
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