政府养老制度研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 07:22

【摘要】：人口老龄化,作为一种社会现象,是经济社会发展到一定阶段必然会出现的时代产物。每个人都会经历从年轻到衰老的过程,由此,老龄化关系着每个个体的发展。然而,一个社会中老年人口的比例不断升高,意味着这个庞大的群体创造价值的能力逐渐减弱,其影响会严重冲击经济以及社会的和谐发展。因此,采取怎样的措施来积极应对日益严峻的老龄化趋势所带来的负面效应,怎样切实有效地使社会上需要救助的老年群体得到均等公平的养老服务,成为每个政府亟待解决的社会问题。就我国的实际情况来说,对于老年群体的养老责任承担问题,普遍存在着一个误区,即养老是独立的社会群体自身应当承担的责任,比如家庭成员,或者养老机构等单一主体。这在一定程度上忽视了政府作为管理公共事务、主导宏观调控、进行利益均等分配的社会职能。就目前我国存在的养老模式来看,不论是家庭养老、机构养老、居家养老还是新兴的以房养老,都只是单纯作为养老的方式孤立的存在,而如何能使各种养老模式在现有的基础上发挥其根本性的作用,政府的养老职责不容忽视。在政府履行养老职责的现实考察中,有部分省份根据本省人口结构和经济发展状况,因地制宜的出台了不少为老服务的规章制度,比如浙江省和江苏省,有些做法在吸收域外优秀经验的基础上更是成为全国首创,为其他省份的老年福利政策的制定提供了借鉴价值。但从总体上来说,目前我国还没有建立起全国范围内的统一的政府养老职责制度,基于此,笔者萌生了本文的创作理念,希望通过本文的分析论述,能够为构建政府养老职责制度提供一些理论依据,加速相关制度的出台。通过以上分析,笔者分别从以下三大部分来分别阐述在我国构建政府养老职责制度的问题。第一部分：主要是从基础理论的角度论述政府养老职责制度。首先,对于现有的我国养老模式进行整体的概述与比较,分析出个各种养老模式的特点以及不足之处,进而引出政府承担养老职责的重要性和必然性；其次,在上述理论的基础上探讨建立政府养老职责制度的现实意义,这部分内容主要从保障公民权利、健全养老保障体系、符合人口结构和流动需要以及继承养老传统四个方面来说明。第二部分：针对上述有关政府养老职责制度理论基础的铺垫,对我国政府养老制度的现实进行考察。选取在养老保障方面政府发挥主导作用已经取得实效的浙江省和江苏省作为案例来进行分析说明。分别从两个省份在政府养老实践中形成的主要制度和做法以及吸收借鉴的优秀域外经验两个层次来加以说明。第三部分：这是本文最为重要的制度构建设计部分。主要从以下四个方面来阐述在我国建立统一的政府养老职责制度的构想。首先,从完善政府养老法律保障的角度出发,分别以老年团体参与立法、公民“养老权”入法以及老年法律援助制度三个方面为出发点展开论述；其次,就政府多元投入制度来明确政府在养老保障中的资金、基础设施、康复医疗等方面的职责；再次,通过设置养老服务准入制度,来对机构养老、居家养老进行完善,与此同时督促政府应当从提升养老服务执行力等方面加强监管；最后,建立完整的养老服务监督评估制度,建立为老服务监督管理机制。结语是笔者对政府养老职责制度构建所做的集中概括和总结。
[Abstract]:Population aging, as a kind of social phenomenon, is the time product that the economic society develops to a certain stage inevitably. Everyone experiences a process from young to aging, so that ageing affects every individual's development. However, the rising proportion of middle-aged and old-aged people means that the capacity of this huge population to create value is gradually weakened, and its impact will seriously impact the economy and the harmonious development of society. Therefore, how to take measures to respond positively to the negative effects brought by the increasingly severe aging trend, how to effectively make the elderly population that needs to be rescued in society equally and fairly, becomes a social problem to be solved urgently by every government. In terms of the actual situation of our country, there is a misunderstanding that the old age is the responsibility of the independent social group, such as family members or pension institutions. In some extent, the government has neglected the government as the social function of managing the public affairs, leading the macro-control and distributing the benefit equally. As far as the old-age pension models exist in our country, whether the old-age pension, the old-age pension, the home-aged or the rising old-age pension are only isolated in the form of the old-age pension, how can the various old-age modes play a fundamental role on the existing basis, The government's pension duty cannot be ignored. In the realistic investigation of the government's performance of the aged, some provinces have issued a lot of rules and regulations for the old service according to the population structure and economic development situation of the province, such as Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province, Some practices have become the first in the country on the basis of absorbing excellent overseas experience, and provide reference value for the development of the old welfare policy in other provinces. However, in general, China hasn't established a unified government pension duty system nationwide. Based on this, the author has initiated the creative concept of this thesis. It is hoped that through the analysis and discussion in this paper, it can provide some theoretical basis for the construction of the government pension duty system. To speed up the introduction of relevant systems. Through the above analysis, the author expounds the problem of constructing the government pension duty system in China from the following three parts: Part one: It mainly discusses the system of government pension duty from the angle of basic theory. Firstly, the paper gives an overview and comparison of the existing old-age pension mode, analyzes the characteristics and shortcomings of various old-age pension models, and then leads the government to assume the importance and inevitability of the support of the old-age pension; secondly, On the basis of the above theory, the realistic meaning of establishing the government pension duty system is discussed, which is mainly explained from four aspects of guaranteeing the civil rights, perfecting the old-age security system, meeting population structure and mobility needs and inheriting the old-age tradition. The second part is to investigate the reality of the government pension system based on the above-mentioned theoretical foundation of the government's pension duty system. The paper makes an analysis and description of Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province, which have been effective in the government's leading role in the support of the old-age insurance. The main systems and practices formed in the practice of government pension from two provinces, as well as the two levels of excellent extraterritorial experience, which are used for reference, are described. Part three: This is the most important system in this paper to construct the design part. This paper mainly discusses the idea of establishing a unified government pension duty system in China from the following four aspects. First of all, from the angle of perfecting the legal guarantee of the government's pension, we take part in the legislation and citizen respectively with the old group. "Right to Aged Care" The article discusses the starting point of the three aspects of the law of entry and the old legal aid system, and then makes clear the responsibility of the government in the aspects of fund, infrastructure, rehabilitation and medical treatment in the security of the old age by means of the multi-system investment system of the government; once again, through setting up the admission system of the old-age service, In order to improve the old-age pension and the old-age pension, the government should strengthen the supervision from the aspects of promoting the execution of the old-age service, and finally, establish a complete system of supervision and evaluation of the old-age service and establish the supervision and management mechanism for the old service. The conclusion is the summary and summary of the author's construction of the government pension duty system.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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