伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队研究

发布时间：2019-01-01 13:47

【摘要】：1979年伊朗伊斯兰革命胜利后不久,霍梅尼发布法令,要求成立伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队(IRGC)。革命卫队作为新兴政权的保护者,从建立初始发展至今,已经不再是一个传统意义上的军事组织。如今,作为一个拥有广泛社会基础、深刻政治影响以及强大经济实力的行为体,革命卫队的影响几乎涵盖了伊朗社会与政治生活的每一个角落。革命卫队在伊朗高度政治化的制度体系中力量十分强大。在此制度中,总统、许多内阁成员、议会议员以及一些其他省级和地方的行政管理者都来自于革命卫队。伊斯兰共和国一直依赖着存在于什叶派神职人员和伊斯兰革命卫队之间的基础联盟,这种联盟直接导致了卫队不断深化的政治参与。除了政治领域外,革命卫队还管理着强大的媒体资源、教育以及培训活动,通过不同渠道的宣传和教育从而在加强整个社会对卫队的认同以及对伊斯兰政权的忠诚。在经济领域中,革命卫队拥有强大的经济实力以及多样化的经济渠道,从大坝、公路、管道等公共设施的建设到汽车制造以及高科技产业再到黑市贸易,革命卫队参与了所有能够创造利益的业务,包括合法以及非法的贸易,革命卫队通过不同的方式将其影响扩大到伊朗市场的每一个部门。这些经济活动使得革命卫队已然成为伊朗伊斯兰共和国最大的“商业企业”。作为伊朗伊斯兰政权的守护者,卫队始终是霍梅尼思想理论的坚定支持者,革命卫队自创立开始就扮演着输出革命的领导者角色,它强烈的意识形态是其能够不断扩张影响的重要因素,通过革命卫队在海外的活动,伊朗伊斯兰政权不断提升其对周边国家的影响从而使什叶派力量不断壮大。总的来说,由于伊朗独特的国内外发展环境,伊斯兰革命卫队从诞生发展至今,已经取得了显赫的政治支配地位。最初,它只是作为一个防御与安全方面的准军事力量,由于政权因生存考虑不断向卫队赋权,使得革命卫队超越了最初的角色和定位,如今的革命卫队不但是一个管理海军、陆军、空军和圣城旅的传统军事组织,它更是一个拥有实质影响的政治行为体,它的存在和发展一定程度上决定着未来伊朗政权的发展方向。
[Abstract]:Shortly after the victory of Iran's Islamic revolution in 1979, Khomeini issued a decree calling for the establishment of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).) As the protector of the new regime, the Revolutionary Guard Force has been no longer a traditional military organization since its initial development. Today, as an actor with a broad social base, profound political influence and strong economic power, the Revolutionary Guard's influence covers almost every corner of Iranian social and political life. The Revolutionary Guards are powerful in Iran's highly politicized system. In this system, the president, many cabinet members, members of parliament, and some other provincial and local administrators come from the Revolutionary Guards. The Islamic Republic has relied on a basic alliance between Shia clerics and the Islamic Revolutionary Guards, which has led directly to their deepening political involvement. In addition to the political sphere, the Revolutionary Guards also manage strong media resources, education and training activities, through different channels of publicity and education to strengthen the whole society's identity to the Guard and loyalty to the Islamic regime. In the economic sphere, the Revolutionary Guards have strong economic power and diversified economic channels, from the construction of dams, roads, pipelines and other public facilities to automobile manufacturing and high-tech industries to black market trade. The Revolutionary Guards are involved in all profitable businesses, both legal and illegal, and in different ways extend their influence to every sector of the Iranian market. These economic activities have made the Revolutionary Guards the largest business enterprise in the Islamic Republic of Iran. As a guardian of Iran's Islamic regime, the Guard has always been a staunch supporter of Khomeini's ideology and theory. Since its inception, the Revolutionary Guard has played a leading role in exporting revolutions. Its strong ideology is an important factor in its ability to expand its influence, and through the activities of the Revolutionary Guards abroad, Iran's Islamic regime has constantly enhanced its influence on neighboring countries, thus increasing the Shia power. In general, because of Iran's unique development environment at home and abroad, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) has gained a prominent political dominance since its birth. At first, it was only a paramilitary force in defense and security. Because the regime was constantly empowering the guard for survival, the Revolutionary Guard transcended its original role and position. Today, the Revolutionary Guard is not only a management navy, The traditional military organization of the Army, Air Force and Al-Quds Brigade is also a political actor with substantial influence. Its existence and development to some extent determine the direction of the future Iranian regime.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D737.3

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