“魏官品”、“晋官品”献疑
发布时间：2019-01-01 15:42
【摘要】：《通典》所载"魏官品"和"晋官品"是今人所见有关魏、晋官品的最完整记载,其来源在现有历史文献中难觅踪迹。"魏官品"与曹魏实际制度多有不合,或谓其颁布时间在曹魏灭亡前夕。曹魏《品令》(《官品令》)当在魏明帝朝法令修订时制定,魏末晋初贾充等人所撰《官品令》为《晋官品令》,均非《通典》所载之"魏官品"。《隋书·经籍志》著录的多部魏晋官制文献中未见《官品令》,唐初修撰《晋书》时所见《魏晋官品令》并非原始文献,而是转述相关文献所见魏、晋时期的官品令文,难免会有不合实际制度之处。晋代官分九品明载于《晋书·食货志》,而《职官志》中职官等级则是用"品秩"和"石"来表示的,品代表官位高低,秩体现俸禄多寡,品秩结合方体现官员地位之整体面貌。《宋书·百官志》关于职官秩次的记载较多,包括汉代以降至刘宋制度,通过比较可知,魏晋刘宋时期职官等级制度的表现形式仍与汉代相近,"秩○○石"为表示职官等级的重要方式。《隋书·百官志》载梁初定制,有明确对应关系的"秩"与"品"构成职官等级制度的两个基本要件。而同卷所载陈代品秩,秩次仅与具体职官对应,并不反映其品位之上下或位次之前后。仅据将军名号即可断定,《通典》所载"魏官品"未能真实反映曹魏现实制度,也与晋初制度多有不合,称之为"魏官品"名不副实。"晋官品"与西晋或东晋现实制度也有较大出入,可断定非晋代某一时期的原始《官品令》,以"晋官品"作为两晋全期或某一时期的制度亦属牵强。沈约《宋书·百官志》文末附载比较简略的官品表,实为东晋制度,也与刘宋制度相符,是为现存文献中记录时间最早的一个官品表,《通典》所载"晋官品"不排除以之为蓝本编撰而成的可能性。
[Abstract]:"Wei Guan Pin" and "Jin Guan Pin" contained in the "Tongdian" are the most complete records of the Wei and Jin official products seen by people today, and their origins are hard to find in the existing historical documents. " Wei Guan-Pin "does not agree with the actual system of Cao Wei, or it was promulgated on the eve of the death of Cao Wei." When the Wei Dynasty decree was amended by Wei Ming Emperor, Jia Chong and others wrote the "official products order" as "Jin Guan Pin order", which was written by Jia Chong and others in the end of the Wei Dynasty and the beginning of the Jin Dynasty. None of them are "Weiguan articles" contained in the "Tongdian". The official order of the Wei and Jin dynasties is not found in many official documents written in the Book of Sui Dynasty, and the order of the official products of the Wei and Jin dynasties in the early Tang Dynasty is not the original document. But to report the relevant literature saw Wei, Jin Dynasty official documents, there will inevitably be unrealistic system. The Jin Dynasty officials were divided into nine products, which were clearly contained in the Journal of Food and order of Jin Book, while the official rank in official Records was expressed by "rank of goods" and "stone", which represented the height of the official position and the rank of the rank reflected the amount of salary. The combination of product rank and rank reflects the overall appearance of official status. There are more records on rank of official in the Song Dynasty, including the reduction to the Liu Song system in the Han Dynasty. Through comparison, we can see that, The expression form of the rank system of official in Wei, Jin, Liu and Song dynasties is still similar to that in Han Dynasty. "Rank 00 Stone" is an important way to express the rank of official. Rank and character, which have clear corresponding relation, constitute two basic elements of rank system. However, the rank of Chen Dapin in the same volume only corresponds to the rank of the specific official, and does not reflect the upper or lower grade or before or after the rank. According to the name of the general, it can be concluded that the "Wei Guan Pin" contained in the "Tongdian" fails to truly reflect the actual system of the Cao Wei Dynasty, and it is also inconsistent with the system in the early Jin Dynasty, which is called "Wei Guan Pin", which is not true to its name. " There is also a great difference between the Jin official products and the realistic system of the Western Jin or the Eastern Jin. It can be concluded that the original "official order" in a certain period of the non-Jin Dynasty is also far-fetched to take "Jin Guan Pin" as the whole or a certain period of the Jin Dynasty. At the end of the article of Shen Yue's Book of Song Dynasty, there was a relatively brief list of official articles, which was actually the system of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was in line with the system of Liu Song. It was the earliest official list recorded in the existing literature. The "Jin Guan Pin" contained in the General Code does not exclude the possibility of compiling it as a blueprint.
【作者单位】： 首都师范大学历史学院;
【分类号】：D691.42
本文编号：2397761
[Abstract]:"Wei Guan Pin" and "Jin Guan Pin" contained in the "Tongdian" are the most complete records of the Wei and Jin official products seen by people today, and their origins are hard to find in the existing historical documents. " Wei Guan-Pin "does not agree with the actual system of Cao Wei, or it was promulgated on the eve of the death of Cao Wei." When the Wei Dynasty decree was amended by Wei Ming Emperor, Jia Chong and others wrote the "official products order" as "Jin Guan Pin order", which was written by Jia Chong and others in the end of the Wei Dynasty and the beginning of the Jin Dynasty. None of them are "Weiguan articles" contained in the "Tongdian". The official order of the Wei and Jin dynasties is not found in many official documents written in the Book of Sui Dynasty, and the order of the official products of the Wei and Jin dynasties in the early Tang Dynasty is not the original document. But to report the relevant literature saw Wei, Jin Dynasty official documents, there will inevitably be unrealistic system. The Jin Dynasty officials were divided into nine products, which were clearly contained in the Journal of Food and order of Jin Book, while the official rank in official Records was expressed by "rank of goods" and "stone", which represented the height of the official position and the rank of the rank reflected the amount of salary. The combination of product rank and rank reflects the overall appearance of official status. There are more records on rank of official in the Song Dynasty, including the reduction to the Liu Song system in the Han Dynasty. Through comparison, we can see that, The expression form of the rank system of official in Wei, Jin, Liu and Song dynasties is still similar to that in Han Dynasty. "Rank 00 Stone" is an important way to express the rank of official. Rank and character, which have clear corresponding relation, constitute two basic elements of rank system. However, the rank of Chen Dapin in the same volume only corresponds to the rank of the specific official, and does not reflect the upper or lower grade or before or after the rank. According to the name of the general, it can be concluded that the "Wei Guan Pin" contained in the "Tongdian" fails to truly reflect the actual system of the Cao Wei Dynasty, and it is also inconsistent with the system in the early Jin Dynasty, which is called "Wei Guan Pin", which is not true to its name. " There is also a great difference between the Jin official products and the realistic system of the Western Jin or the Eastern Jin. It can be concluded that the original "official order" in a certain period of the non-Jin Dynasty is also far-fetched to take "Jin Guan Pin" as the whole or a certain period of the Jin Dynasty. At the end of the article of Shen Yue's Book of Song Dynasty, there was a relatively brief list of official articles, which was actually the system of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was in line with the system of Liu Song. It was the earliest official list recorded in the existing literature. The "Jin Guan Pin" contained in the General Code does not exclude the possibility of compiling it as a blueprint.
【作者单位】： 首都师范大学历史学院;
【分类号】：D691.42
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