孙中山的“权能分治”理论研究

发布时间：2019-03-09 15:52

【摘要】：孙中山是中国近代民主革命的先驱。在近代民主革命中,孙中山扮演着重要的角色,在从事革命活动的过程中,他借鉴欧美国家政治文化中的精华部分并结合中国的实际情况,形成了其一系列独有的政治思想。他的这些思想不断地与时俱进,成为指导民主革命的重要思想,极大地推动了中国民主革命的进程。“权能分治”理论是这些政治思想中的精髓。对孙中山“权能分治”理论的研究是为了能将其中的合理观点运用到政治生活中,这对于我们当前建立和完善有中国特色的社会主义民主政治制度,推进政治体制改革,防止腐败滋生,为人民批评监督政府创造条件有着重要的借鉴意义。“权能分治”由始至终都贯穿着民主主义精神,时刻体现“主权在民”这一思想。孙中山“权能分治”理论的产生是在对西方近代民主政治的吸取与批判的同时秉承和发扬了中国传统的政治文化制度。“权能分治”理论主张国家的权与能要分开,目的是既全面保障人民权利,又充分发挥政府效能,并且提出了人民与政府之间关系的准则是以人民权利作为对政府权力的制约。它的根本出发点是想通过对人民权和政府权的分开,使这两权之间达到一种平衡状态。这种平衡状态是指政府的权力即治权不仅要维护保障人民的自由,而且还要保障人民权利的实现,为人民谋幸福,使人民有权管理政府,政府又能够发挥“万能”政府的效率。以“权”制“能”思想的提出使人民主权意识开始苏醒,这种权力的分配和制约,是对新的政权模式的探索。虽然“权能分治”理论具有很大的进步意义,也真诚地体现出主权在民的精神,但是由于孙中山所处时代的局限性和他本人世界观和认识上的局限性导致这个理论在横向权力的配置及“政权”与“治权”的架构方面等存在一些不足。为此,基于孙中山“权能分治”理论所引发的思考以及在实践中所提供的有益参考,有待我们进行更为深入的研究和挖掘。
[Abstract]:Sun Zhongshan was the forerunner of China's modern democratic revolution. In the modern democratic revolution, Sun Zhongshan played an important role. In the course of engaging in revolutionary activities, he drew lessons from the elite parts of the political culture of European and American countries and combined with the actual situation of China, formed a series of unique political thoughts. His thoughts keep pace with the times and become the important thought guiding the democratic revolution, which greatly promote the process of China's democratic revolution. The theory of power division is the essence of these political thoughts. The research on Sun Zhongshan's theory of "divided power and power" is aimed at applying the reasonable viewpoints into political life, which is helpful for us to establish and perfect the socialist democratic political system with Chinese characteristics and to promote the reform of the political system. It is of great significance to prevent corruption and create conditions for people to criticize and supervise the government. The power division runs through the democratic spirit from beginning to end, and embodies the thought of sovereignty in the people all the time. Sun Zhongshan's theory of separation of powers and powers is based on the absorption and criticism of modern western democratic politics, and at the same time inherits and develops the traditional political and cultural system of China. The theory of "power divided and ruling by power" holds that the power and ability of the country should be separated, in order to protect the rights of the people in an all-round way and give full play to the effectiveness of the government, and puts forward that the criterion of the relationship between the people and the government is to restrict the power of the government by the rights of the people. Its fundamental starting point is to achieve a balance between the people's power and the government power through the separation of the people's power and the government power. This state of balance means that the power of the government should not only safeguard the freedom of the people, but also guarantee the realization of the rights of the people, seek happiness for the people, make the people have the right to manage the government, and the government can bring into play the efficiency of the "all-purpose" government. With the thought of "power" system "energy", the consciousness of people's sovereignty begins to wake up. This kind of power distribution and restriction is the exploration of the new regime mode. Although the theory of "division of powers and powers" has great progressive significance, it also sincerely reflects the spirit of sovereignty in the people. However, due to the limitations of Sun Zhongshan's times and his own world outlook and cognition, the theory has some deficiencies in the configuration of horizontal power and the structure of "power" and "power of governance". Therefore, based on the thought caused by Sun Zhongshan's theory of "divide and rule by power" and the useful reference provided in practice, we need to do more in-depth research and mining.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D693.0

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