最低工资与已婚女性劳动参与

发布时间：2019-03-16 11:32

【摘要】：借助中国家庭金融调查2011—2013年数据,以及最低工资标准在不同区县不同时间上的差异,在分别考察最低工资标准上涨对工资、就业的影响后,本文重点考察了最低工资标准上涨对劳动参与,尤其是已婚女性劳动参与的影响。回归结果显示:(1)最低工资标准上涨10%,员工的雇佣工资显著增加6.6%,被雇佣概率下1.2%,但在10%的统计水平下不显著。(2)最低工资标准上涨主要增加已婚女性的劳动参与率。最低工资标准每上涨10%,已婚女性劳动参与率显著增加1.86个百分点,且以从事非农工作为主。对工资收入处于最低25%的已婚女性,劳动参与率更是显著增加3.03个百分点。(3)综合考察最低工资标准上涨对已婚女性劳动参与以及进入劳动市场后就业概率的影响发现,最低工资标准上涨10%,16—55岁已婚女性中就业个体的占比显著增加2个百分点。(4)从异质性上看,最低工资标准上涨主要影响中年、低教育水平或来自西部地区的已婚女性。在劳动供需发生根本转变的情形下,通过激活劳动力存量,上调区县最低工资标准对短期内缩小中国劳动力供需缺口有重要作用。
[Abstract]:With the help of the 2011-2013 data of the China Household Finance Survey, and the differences in the minimum wage between different districts and counties at different times, after examining separately the impact of the rise in the minimum wage on wages and employment, This paper focuses on the impact of the increase of minimum wage on labor participation, especially for married women. The regression results show: (1) the minimum wage rose by 10%, the employee's wage increased significantly by 6.6%, and the probability of employment was 1.2%. But it was not significant at 10%. (2) the rise in the minimum wage mainly increased the labour force participation rate of married women. For every 10% rise in the minimum wage, married women's labour force participation rose significantly by 1.86 percentage points, mainly in non-farm jobs. For married women who earn at least 25% of their wages, The labour force participation rate increased significantly by 3.03 percentage points. (3) A comprehensive survey of the impact of the rise in the minimum wage on the participation of married women in the labour force and the probability of employment after entering the labour market found that the minimum wage had increased by 10%. The proportion of employed individuals among 55-year-old married women increased significantly by 2 percentage points. (4) in terms of heterogeneity, the rise in the minimum wage mainly affected middle-aged, low education level or married women from western regions. Under the circumstances of the fundamental change of labor supply and demand, raising the minimum wage in districts and counties by activating the stock of labor has an important role in reducing the gap of labor supply and demand in China in the short term.
【作者单位】：西南财经大学经济学院;南京审计大学经济与金融研究院;西南财经大学经济学院金融安全协同创新中心;西南财经大学金融学院;
【基金】：国家社科重大项目(14ZDB134) 国家自然科学基金项目(71503205) 四川省社科规划项目(SC15B083)的资助
【分类号】：D669.68;F249.24

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