唐宋变革视域下科举制演进的制度基础与现实动力

发布时间：2019-04-01 08:32

【摘要】：科举制由唐及宋的时代跨越有多重历史动因。唐宋科举制变革受益于这一时期诸如官制因革、社会对工商阶层规制变化等相关制度改革成果的促动,它为宋代科举制根本性嬗变铺平了外在场阈。与此同时,唐代科举制弊端积重难返的路径依赖在五代时期被打破。随着唐代旧有士族权要和新科举官僚等集团式微,五代新政权尝试冲破唐代科举制旧有制度路径,在各个方面开始新科举制路径实践。这不仅为宋代科举探索了方向,更为宋代科举制嬗变奠定了内在制度土壤。唐宋科举制变革虽发轫于五代,但关键性转折在宋初,这不仅有其加强中央集权的迫切性,亦与宋初通过科举考试满足国家抑藩和统治新占领区的特殊人才取向相关。尽管宋初科举制改革有特殊时代需求,但从唐宋变革视域观之,它是唐宋科举变革各种因素层累而成,这对理解唐宋其他制度变革亦不乏启发意义。
[Abstract]:The imperial examination system from Tang and Song dynasties has multiple historical motives. The reform of the imperial examination system in Tang and Song dynasties benefited from the achievements of the related system reform, such as the evolution of the official system and the regulation of the industrial and commercial strata, which paved the external threshold for the fundamental evolution of the imperial examination system in the Song Dynasty. At the same time, the long-term accumulation of the shortcomings of the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty was not easy to solve the path dependence was broken in the five dynasties. With the decline of the power of the old scholars and the new imperial examination bureaucrats in the Tang Dynasty, the new regime of the five dynasties tried to break through the old institutional path of the imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty, and began the practice of the path of the new imperial examination system in all aspects. This not only explored the direction of imperial examination in Song Dynasty, but also laid an internal institutional soil for the evolution of imperial examination system in Song Dynasty. Although the reform of the imperial examination system in the Tang and Song dynasties began in the five dynasties, the key turning point was in the early Song Dynasty, which not only had the urgency of strengthening the centralization of power, but also related to the special talent orientation of the state to restrain the vassal and ruling the newly occupied areas through the imperial examination in the early Song Dynasty. Although the reform of the examination system in the early Song Dynasty has special needs of the times, from the perspective of the reform of the Tang and Song dynasties, it is a result of the various factors involved in the reform of the imperial examination in the Tang and Song dynasties, which is also instructive to understand the other system changes in the Tang and Song dynasties.
【作者单位】：国家开放大学考试中心;中国出版集团;
【分类号】：D691.3

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