社会公正视角下当代中国社会转型期“二代”现象研究
发布时间：2019-06-12 03:34
【摘要】：近年来,“富二代”、“穷二代”、“官二代”、“星二代”、“垄二代”、“红二代”等网络热词,从虚拟空间进入现实生活,几乎成为不同社会阶层的代名词,折射出社会阶层结构日益固化的趋势,引起了学术界的高度关注。对“二代”现象的关注,实质上是对我国改革开放30多年来,在社会深度转型过程中所暴露的诸多矛盾和问题的关注。社会体制改革的步伐明显滞后于经济发展,社会结构的调整严重滞后于经济结构的调整。表现在社会流动竞争中,先赋性因素的主导作用不断增强,家庭背景的重要性充分显现,父子之间的阶层地位没有根本性的变化。出身命运的世袭化,生存竞争的不公平化,发展际遇的非均等化现象日益凸显。对我国社会转型期阶层固化问题进行深入反思,探寻“二代”现象背后的社会症结,减少代际流动的自发性和盲目性,能有效弥补社会阶层间的断裂和隔阂。通过深入研究“二代”群体的形成机制,推进社会领域的改革,有助于消除社会地位不平等的差异,促进社会整合,提高社会活力。本文以社会公正为视角,立足于历史传统、国际视野和现实国情,对“二代”群体的外在表征和产生“二代”现象的深层次原因进行全面分析,旨在努力探求畅通社会流动渠道的有效路径,助推青年一代的公平成长。全文共分为六个部分：第一章为绪论部分,介绍了选题的缘由,理清了“富二代”、“穷二代”和“官二代”三个词汇从发端到热传再到成为专用词汇的过程,重点关注了它们是如何从社会流行语转化为学术问题的,对已有研究进行了认真梳理,并阐明了笔者的研究思路,提出了具体的研究方法。第二章从科学界定“二代”现象的概念入手,先分后合,由表及里,逐步揭示“二代”现象的学理内涵。对“富二代”、“穷二代”和“官二代”等三类有代表性的群体进行专门分析,探究了这些群体的数量、内部构成、独有的特征。在此基础上,再对不同群体进行共性地研究,阐明“二代”现象的产生机制和社会资源实现代际传承的演进过程第三章着重阐述了“二代”现象的成因,从“家族制”传统这一历史根源,到社会转型这一时代背景,再到经济、政治、文化和社会四个方面的现实因素,全方位、宽视野的分析“二代”现象产生的原因,找准问题的症结,以便“对症下药”。第四章专门对“二代”现象进行公正性考量,找出隐含在“二代”现象背后的权利不公平、机会不公平、规则不公平这些根本性的制约因素,透过表面现象揭示事物的内在本质。在此基础上再深入一层,继续探究公正性不足的深层次原因,主要有发展理念落后、制度保障不足、民生事业滞后、资本与权力的侵蚀等四个方面的原因。第五章进一步拓宽研究“二代”现象的视野,在发达国家中选取了美国、英国和日本,在发展中国家中选取了俄罗斯和印度进行对照研究。所选取的国家中,有的是典型的现代发达国家,有的是与我国有可比性的地缘国家,有的在历史上曾深受我国传统文化的影响,有的也同样正在面临着深刻的社会转型。通过研究以上国家的阶层固化现状可以看到,由家庭社会资本的不均等所导致的阶层固化现象基本上在所有国家都客观存在,关键在于能否采取有效措施来尽量减少贫困阶层的生存风险、提供公平的发展机会。上述国家产生“二代”问题的教训可以作为反面教材引以为戒。第六章重在进行破解“二代”现象的路径探索,在推进社会公平正义、保障基本权利平等、促进社会分配公平、推进基本公共服务均等化和畅通阶层流动渠道等五个大的方面,有针对性提出了化解“二代”现象的“路线图”,以此来推动构建公正、合理、开放、畅通的现代社会流动机制,凝聚社会各阶层的期望和信心,激发全社会的创造活力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the "rich second generation", the "poor second generation", the "the second generation of the official", the "second generation of stars", the "second generation of ridge", the "the second generation of red" and other network hot words, from the virtual space to the real life, almost become the pronoun of different social strata, and reflect the trend of the more and more curing of the social stratum structure, which has aroused the high attention of the academic circles. The concern of the "second generation" phenomenon, in essence, is the concern of the contradictions and problems that have been exposed in the course of social deep transformation for more than 30 years in the reform and opening-up of our country. The pace of the social system reform is obviously lagging behind the economic development, and the adjustment of the social structure lags behind the adjustment of the economic structure. In the competition of social mobility, the leading role of the first-order factors is increasing, the importance of the family background is fully manifested, and there is no fundamental change in the hierarchy position between the parent and the child. The unfairness of the fate of the birth, the unfairness of the existence and competition, and the non-equalization of the development of the event are becoming more and more prominent. In the light of the deep reflection on the curing problems in the social transition of our country, the author explores the social problems behind the "second generation" phenomenon, reduces the spontaneity and blindness of the generation flow, and can effectively compensate the fracture and the gap between the social classes. Through the deep study of the formation mechanism of the "second generation" group, the reform in the social field is promoted, which can help to eliminate the differences in the social status, promote the social integration and improve the social vitality. Based on the historical tradition, the international field of view and the reality, this paper, based on the historical tradition, the international field of view and the reality, makes a comprehensive analysis of the deep-seated causes of the "second generation" phenomenon in the outside of the "second generation" group, and is to try to explore the effective path of the smooth social flow channel, Boost the young generation's fair growth. The full text is divided into six parts: the first chapter is the introduction part, the reason of the topic selection is introduced, the three words of the "rich second generation", the "poor second generation" and the "the second generation of the official" are clarified from the beginning to the heat transfer to the special vocabulary, and the focus is on how they can be converted from the social popular to the academic problem, The existing research has been carefully combed, and the author's thinking is set out, and the concrete research methods are put forward. The second chapter starts with the concept of the scientific definition of the "second generation" phenomenon, and then, by means of the first and the second, it gradually reveals the theoretical meaning of the "second generation" phenomenon. Three representative groups, such as "rich second generation", "poor second generation" and "the second generation of the official", are specifically analyzed, and the number, internal structure and unique characteristics of these groups are explored. On the basis of this, the study on the common ground of the different groups, the development of the generation mechanism of the second generation and the evolution of the generation of the social resources, the third chapter focuses on the origin of the second generation, from the historical root of the family system, to the background of the social transformation, In the light of the real factors of economic, political, cultural and social aspects, all-round and wide-view analysis of the causes of the "second generation" phenomenon, and the crux of the problem, so as to achieve the "for the treatment of the disease". The fourth chapter is devoted to the fairness of the second-generation "phenomenon, and finds out that the rights that are hidden behind the second-generation phenomenon are not fair, the opportunity is unfair, the rules are not fair to these fundamental constraints, and the intrinsic essence of things is revealed through the surface phenomenon. On the basis of this, there are four reasons, such as the backwardness of the development idea, the shortage of the system, the lagging of the people's livelihood, the erosion of the capital and the power, etc. The fifth chapter further broadens the view of the research "second generation" phenomenon, and selects the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan in the developed countries, and selects Russia and India to carry out the control research in the developing countries. In the selected countries, some of the typical modern developed countries, some of which have been influenced by the traditional culture in our country, are also facing the profound social transformation. By studying the status quo of the state-level curing of the above-mentioned countries, it can be seen that the phenomenon of stratum curing caused by the unequal distribution of the social capital of the family basically exists in all countries, and the key point is whether effective measures can be taken to minimize the survival risk of the poor class, Provide equitable development opportunities. The lessons of the "second generation" of the above-mentioned countries can be regarded as an anti-surface teaching material. The sixth chapter focuses on the path exploration of cracking the "second generation" phenomenon, promoting the social fairness and justice, ensuring the equality of the basic rights, promoting the social distribution fairness, promoting the equalization of the basic public service and the flow channel of the smooth stratum, and the like, It is pointed out that the "Roadmap" of resolving the "second generation" phenomenon is put forward, so as to promote the construction of a fair, reasonable, open and smooth modern social mobility mechanism, to unite the expectation and confidence of all levels of society and to stimulate the creation of the whole society.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669
本文编号：2497696
[Abstract]:In recent years, the "rich second generation", the "poor second generation", the "the second generation of the official", the "second generation of stars", the "second generation of ridge", the "the second generation of red" and other network hot words, from the virtual space to the real life, almost become the pronoun of different social strata, and reflect the trend of the more and more curing of the social stratum structure, which has aroused the high attention of the academic circles. The concern of the "second generation" phenomenon, in essence, is the concern of the contradictions and problems that have been exposed in the course of social deep transformation for more than 30 years in the reform and opening-up of our country. The pace of the social system reform is obviously lagging behind the economic development, and the adjustment of the social structure lags behind the adjustment of the economic structure. In the competition of social mobility, the leading role of the first-order factors is increasing, the importance of the family background is fully manifested, and there is no fundamental change in the hierarchy position between the parent and the child. The unfairness of the fate of the birth, the unfairness of the existence and competition, and the non-equalization of the development of the event are becoming more and more prominent. In the light of the deep reflection on the curing problems in the social transition of our country, the author explores the social problems behind the "second generation" phenomenon, reduces the spontaneity and blindness of the generation flow, and can effectively compensate the fracture and the gap between the social classes. Through the deep study of the formation mechanism of the "second generation" group, the reform in the social field is promoted, which can help to eliminate the differences in the social status, promote the social integration and improve the social vitality. Based on the historical tradition, the international field of view and the reality, this paper, based on the historical tradition, the international field of view and the reality, makes a comprehensive analysis of the deep-seated causes of the "second generation" phenomenon in the outside of the "second generation" group, and is to try to explore the effective path of the smooth social flow channel, Boost the young generation's fair growth. The full text is divided into six parts: the first chapter is the introduction part, the reason of the topic selection is introduced, the three words of the "rich second generation", the "poor second generation" and the "the second generation of the official" are clarified from the beginning to the heat transfer to the special vocabulary, and the focus is on how they can be converted from the social popular to the academic problem, The existing research has been carefully combed, and the author's thinking is set out, and the concrete research methods are put forward. The second chapter starts with the concept of the scientific definition of the "second generation" phenomenon, and then, by means of the first and the second, it gradually reveals the theoretical meaning of the "second generation" phenomenon. Three representative groups, such as "rich second generation", "poor second generation" and "the second generation of the official", are specifically analyzed, and the number, internal structure and unique characteristics of these groups are explored. On the basis of this, the study on the common ground of the different groups, the development of the generation mechanism of the second generation and the evolution of the generation of the social resources, the third chapter focuses on the origin of the second generation, from the historical root of the family system, to the background of the social transformation, In the light of the real factors of economic, political, cultural and social aspects, all-round and wide-view analysis of the causes of the "second generation" phenomenon, and the crux of the problem, so as to achieve the "for the treatment of the disease". The fourth chapter is devoted to the fairness of the second-generation "phenomenon, and finds out that the rights that are hidden behind the second-generation phenomenon are not fair, the opportunity is unfair, the rules are not fair to these fundamental constraints, and the intrinsic essence of things is revealed through the surface phenomenon. On the basis of this, there are four reasons, such as the backwardness of the development idea, the shortage of the system, the lagging of the people's livelihood, the erosion of the capital and the power, etc. The fifth chapter further broadens the view of the research "second generation" phenomenon, and selects the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan in the developed countries, and selects Russia and India to carry out the control research in the developing countries. In the selected countries, some of the typical modern developed countries, some of which have been influenced by the traditional culture in our country, are also facing the profound social transformation. By studying the status quo of the state-level curing of the above-mentioned countries, it can be seen that the phenomenon of stratum curing caused by the unequal distribution of the social capital of the family basically exists in all countries, and the key point is whether effective measures can be taken to minimize the survival risk of the poor class, Provide equitable development opportunities. The lessons of the "second generation" of the above-mentioned countries can be regarded as an anti-surface teaching material. The sixth chapter focuses on the path exploration of cracking the "second generation" phenomenon, promoting the social fairness and justice, ensuring the equality of the basic rights, promoting the social distribution fairness, promoting the equalization of the basic public service and the flow channel of the smooth stratum, and the like, It is pointed out that the "Roadmap" of resolving the "second generation" phenomenon is put forward, so as to promote the construction of a fair, reasonable, open and smooth modern social mobility mechanism, to unite the expectation and confidence of all levels of society and to stimulate the creation of the whole society.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669
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