挪威育儿相关家庭政策研究

发布时间：2019-07-09 13:02

【摘要】：随着社会经济政治的不断发展,妇女的性别角色也不断发生着变化。女性的教育水平提高、思想观念的改变使得更多的妇女进入劳动市场,与此相伴的还有出生率的下降。原有的维系社会运行的各项家庭政策受到了人们生存状态改变的影响,因此家庭政策的改革不仅关系到了家庭的和睦,也关系到了社会的和谐和经济的发展。同时,性别不平等是围绕家庭劳务分工的一个非常普遍的现象,尤其是当它涉及到照顾孩子的问题时。挪威是制定关于性别平等的福利政策的先驱国家,这些福利政策允许妇女将工作和家庭责任结合起来。如何在工作和照顾幼儿之间取得平衡不再仅仅是夫妻双方自己的家庭事情,其也逐渐成为政策制定者们关注的热点社会问题,因此,研究育儿相关的家庭政策具有迫切的现实意义。在国际视野中,挪威育儿相关的家庭政策不仅是“妇女友好”的福利政策,同时也是“孩子友好”的福利政策。育儿问题不再只是一个纯粹的家庭问题,也是关于福利国家和性别平等争论的主要战场。本文试图研究挪威育儿相关的家庭政策的框架,向国内详细介绍挪威的育儿假、母亲育产配额假、父亲陪产配额假、父母津贴、儿童福利金、幼儿父母现金补贴和一次性支付的产妇补助金,为当前中国建立育儿相关的福利制度政策提供参考。同时,本文也分析了挪威制定育儿家庭政策的主要经验,探讨了在我国建立育儿家庭政策的主要建议,包括积极转变家庭观念、制定法定的休假政策、采取局部地区试点实施和设立专门的机构加强监管等。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of social economy and politics, the gender role of women is also changing. The improvement of women's education and the change of ideas have led more women to enter the labor market, accompanied by a decline in the birth rate. The original family policies to maintain the operation of society have been affected by the change of people's living state, so the reform of family policy is not only related to the harmony of the family, but also related to the harmony of society and the development of economy. At the same time, gender inequality is a very common phenomenon around the family division of labor, especially when it comes to child care. Norway is a pioneer in the development of welfare policies on gender equality that allow women to combine work and family responsibilities. How to strike a balance between work and care for young children is no longer just a family matter for both husband and wife, it has gradually become a hot social issue for policymakers to pay attention to. Therefore, it is of urgent practical significance to study the family policy related to child-rearing. From an international perspective, Norwegian child-related family policy is not only a "women-friendly" welfare policy, but also a "child-friendly" welfare policy. Child-rearing is no longer just a purely family issue, but also a major battlefield for debate about the welfare state and gender equality. This paper attempts to study the framework of Norwegian family policy related to parental care, and introduces in detail Norwegian parental leave, maternal maternity quota leave, paternity quota leave, parental allowance, child benefit, cash subsidy for infant parents and one-off maternity benefits, so as to provide reference for the establishment of child-rearing related welfare system policies in China at present. At the same time, this paper also analyzes the main experience of Norway in formulating the parental family policy, and probes into the main suggestions for establishing the parental family policy in our country, including actively changing the family concept, formulating the statutory leave policy, adopting the local pilot implementation and setting up special institutions to strengthen the supervision, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D753.3

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