宋代贫困解释中的话语体系构建与权力关系

发布时间：2019-07-30 22:09

【摘要】：伴随私有制的产生与阶级阶层分化,贫困问题一直存在于自商周至隋唐的古代社会。至宋代,由于土地制度的变化和商品经济的发展,非身份性贫困成为了必须予以正视和干预的社会问题,引起广泛关注和讨论。其中,关于贫困的解释即贫困致因成为当时社会中上层关注的重要议题。具体而言,宋代主流社会意识形成了三种主要的贫困解释:天命说固守传统秩序,结构说强调国家体制,材性说突出个人能力。实际上,每种贫困解释背后都有一个明显的阶层指向,成为该阶层表达利益诉求的言说工具。对此,可以认为,贫困问题在宋代社会分层的大背景下成为社会中上层构建自身话语体系和权力关系的载体,亦推动了唐宋以来新的社会传统的构造进程。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of private ownership and the differentiation of class and class, the problem of poverty has always existed in ancient society from Shang and Zhou dynasties to Sui and Tang dynasties. By the Song Dynasty, due to the change of land system and the development of commodity economy, non-identity poverty had become a social problem that must be faced squarely and intervened, which aroused widespread concern and discussion. Among them, the explanation of poverty, that is, the cause of poverty, became an important issue of concern to the upper and middle echelons of society at that time. Specifically, the mainstream social consciousness of Song Dynasty formed three main explanations of poverty: the theory of destiny adheres to the traditional order, the theory of structure emphasizes the national system, and the theory of material highlights the individual ability. In fact, behind each kind of poverty explanation, there is an obvious class direction, which becomes the speech tool of that class to express the interest demand. In this regard, it can be considered that under the background of social stratification in Song Dynasty, the problem of poverty became the carrier of constructing its own discourse system and power relationship in the middle and upper echelons of society, and also promoted the construction process of the new social tradition since Tang and Song dynasties.
【作者单位】：西南大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“宋代的贫富差距与收入再分配问题研究”(12AZS005) 重庆市研究生科研创新项目“社会转型背景下的宋代贫富差距问题研究——以北宋城市为中心”(CYB2015062)
【分类号】：D691

【参考文献】