长江中下游泥质黑陶的起源与发展

发布时间：2018-01-10 06:00

本文关键词：长江中下游泥质黑陶的起源与发展　出处：《中山大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：多年以来,学界对泥质黑陶的关注大多聚焦于山东地区,少有对其它地区泥质黑陶的研究。本文以长江中下游流域为背景,从泥质黑陶的起源与发展,泥质黑陶的实用功能,泥质黑陶的社会及精神意义三个层面入手研究,藉此总结技术创新与文化传播的几种模式。首先,为了更好地研究泥质黑陶的起源与发展,本文检讨类型学在年代学研究中的局限性之余,企图重新建立以碳十四测年为主轴的时间框架。在这一绝对年代构筑的时间框架下,通过比较长江中游、皖南赣北及长江下游区域目前最早发现的泥质黑陶,本文发现渗碳工艺最早见于长江下游的跨湖桥文化。但跨湖桥文化绝传后,长江中游与下游在黑陶烧制工艺方面又开始了新一轮的角逐。随着泥质黑陶的发展,无论是在技术上、数量上还有是器型种类方面,拥有稳定的自然环境且考古学文化一脉相承的长江中游地区相比于长江下游更胜一筹。其次,为了解长江中、下游泥质黑陶的实用功能,本文收集了麻城金罗家遗址,上海广富林遗址以及昆山朱墓村遗址不同时期的泥质黑陶,通过实验比较显微结构与吸水率的差异,发现长江中游的全黑陶在实用防渗方面,优越于长江下游的黑皮陶。结合泥质黑陶壶的器形分析,证明长江中游的制陶工匠对泥质黑陶的实用性有更深入的理解。再次,超越实用功能的泥质黑陶,究竟存在怎样的社会与精神意义呢?本文以统计学测量宏观尺度的情境为主,辅以个案的情境分析,揭示长江中游及长江下游的泥质黑陶作为财富与社会身份的标识作用,并指出泥质黑陶于精神层面的重要意义。但是与其两者不同,皖南赣北地区出土的泥质黑陶似乎并无这些社会与精神层面的意义。最后,本文根据各章的研究成果,总结出中心式、整合涵化式、取代式及边缘式四种技术与文化发展的模式。中心式拥有最早发明的技术,随着对技术的理解不断累积,中心式的技术发展速率较高,且普及化程度较广,并赋予技术成品独特的社会与精神意义,该发展模式以长江中游汉东地区及长江下游环太湖区域为代表。整合涵化式指技术并非本地创造,而是从技术中心区输入而来。技术的发展缓慢,且明显受到技术中心区的影响。同时,本地的文化也会反过来影响到技术中心区,该发展模式以峡江地区为代表。取代式是指某一技术突然出现,并以十分成熟的姿态取代本地原生文化,该发展模式以洞庭湖西北部平原为代表。边缘式对技术的理解往往晚于对技术的应用,且其技术成品大多无中心区原有的社会与精神意义。该发展模式以皖南赣北为代表。本文在结尾处指出长江中游长久以来积累下来的技术优势,将酝酿成我国最早的青铜文明。
[Abstract]:For many years, academic attention to muddy black pottery is mostly focused on Shandong area, but few on other areas of mud black pottery. This paper takes the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the background, from the origin and development of muddy black pottery. The practical function of muddy black pottery, the social and spiritual significance of mud black pottery are studied in order to sum up several modes of technological innovation and cultural dissemination. In order to better study the origin and development of muddy black pottery, this paper reviews the limitations of typology in chronological research. This paper attempts to re-establish a time frame with carbon 14 dating as its main axis. Under this time frame constructed by absolute age, the earliest muddy black pottery was found in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the north of Jiangxi Province and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This paper found that the Carburizing technology was first found in the cross-lake bridge culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, after the culture of the cross-lake bridge was passed on, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River began a new round of competition in the field of black pottery sintering technology, and with the development of muddy black pottery. In terms of technology, quantity and instrumental types, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, with a stable natural environment and a heritage of archaeological culture, are better than the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Secondly, in order to understand the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The practical function of the downstream muddy black pottery, this paper collected Maicheng Jinluojia site, Shanghai Guang Fulin site and Kunshan Zhu Tomb Village site in different periods of mud black pottery, through experiments to compare the microstructure and water absorption. It is found that the all-black pottery in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is superior to the black leather pottery in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in practical seepage prevention. It is proved that the pottery craftsmen in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River have a deeper understanding of the practicability of the clay black pottery. Thirdly, what social and spiritual significance does the clay black pottery, which transcends the practical function, have? In this paper, the statistical measurement of macro-scale situation, supplemented by case analysis, reveals the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River muddy black pottery as a sign of wealth and social identity. And pointed out the significance of mud black pottery in the spiritual level. But different from the two, the mud black pottery unearthed in the south and north of Anhui Province does not seem to have the significance of these social and spiritual aspects. Finally. According to the research results of each chapter, this paper summarizes four kinds of technological and cultural development models: centralization, integration and acculturation, substitution and edge. The center has the earliest invented technology. With the continuous accumulation of understanding of technology, the central technology development rate is higher, and the degree of popularization is wider, and endow with the unique social and spiritual significance of the technical products. This development model is represented by the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Taihu Lake area around the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The integration and acculturation refers to the technology is not created locally, but is imported from the center of the technology area. The development of technology is slow. At the same time, the local culture will also affect the technology center area, the development model is represented by the Xiajiang region. The replacement refers to the sudden emergence of a technology. And replace the native culture with a very mature attitude, this development model is represented by the northwest plain of Dongting Lake. Edge understanding of technology is often later than the application of technology. And most of its technical products do not have the original social and spiritual significance of the central district. This development model is represented by the north and south of Anhui Province. At the end of this paper, it points out the technological advantages accumulated in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River for a long time. It will be the earliest bronze civilization in China.
【学位授予单位】：中山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K876.3

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