肯尼亚蒙巴萨塔纳号沉船出水的中国瓷器

发布时间：2018-05-10 13:19

本文选题：肯尼亚 + 蒙巴萨沉船　；参考：《故宫博物院院刊》2014年02期

【摘要】："蒙巴萨沉船"是一艘有40门大炮的葡萄牙快速帆船,名为圣·安托尼奥·塔纳号。于1697年在阿曼阿拉伯人与葡萄牙人的作战中沉没于肯尼亚蒙巴萨市老港口耶稣堡前的水域。20世纪70年代开始发掘,是世界上最早的水下考古工作之一。中国瓷器是发掘中最重要的出水物品。作为一批重要的纪年资料,完整性和保存状况良好,其功能不同于一般的贸易品,是一艘军舰上官兵使用的日常用器,具有重要的学术价值。本文全面报告了蒙巴萨沉船出水的238件(片)中国瓷器,对不同窑口和器类进行了统计,探讨了顺治、康熙时期的"一叶盘"和广东产粗胎罐两类器物。研究表明,这些中国瓷器主要是景德镇窑、福建南部和广东的产品,分为精细和粗率两类产品,可能分属于船上不同等级的军人。但整体上比荷兰东印度公司的沉船中出水的瓷器质量要低。可见,葡萄牙人在丢失了印度洋航线的贸易主导权后,依然在进行着小规模的瓷器贸易。他们应该是从景德镇不同于荷兰东印度公司的作坊中订货,而且是水平较低的景德镇民窑瓷器和更加粗陋的福建地区民窑瓷器,因此产品的质量和风格都有一些差别。
[Abstract]:Mombasa is a Portuguese sailboat with 40 cannons, called the San Antino Tana. It was one of the earliest underwater archaeological work in the world, which sank in the waters in front of the old port of Jesus in Mombasa, Kenya, in 1697, in the battle between Oman Arabs and Portuguese. Chinese porcelain is the most important outlet in the excavation. As a group of important chronological data, the integrity and preservation condition is good, its function is different from the general trading goods, it is the daily use device used by the officers and soldiers on a warship, and has important academic value. In this paper, 238 pieces of Chinese porcelain out of Mombasa sunken ship are reported. Statistics are made on different kiln openings and types of utensils. Two kinds of utensils, Shunzhi, "one leaf plate" in Kangxi period and Guangdong crude foetus can, are discussed. The research shows that these Chinese porcelain products are mainly from Jingdezhen kiln, southern Fujian and Guangdong, and can be divided into fine and coarse products, which may belong to different grades of servicemen on board the ship. Overall, however, the quality of porcelain discharged from the sinking ship of the Dutch East India Company was lower. Visible, the Portuguese lost the Indian Ocean trade dominance, still engaged in small-scale porcelain trade. They should be ordering from a workshop in Jingdezhen different from that of the Dutch East India Company, and from the lower level of Jingdezhen Folk Kiln porcelain and the more crude Fujian Folk Kiln porcelain, so there are some differences in the quality and style of the products.
【作者单位】：北京大学考古文博学院;肯尼亚国立博物馆滨海考古部;
【基金】：商务部文化援外项目“中国和肯尼亚合作实施拉穆群岛地区考古项目(课题研究部分)”成果之一国家指南针计划专项项目“东非地区出土中国古代外销瓷的综合研究”(项目编号:20130302)的资助
【分类号】：K876.3

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