内蒙古哈民忙哈遗址出土动物遗存及相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 00:36

本文选题：哈民忙哈遗址 + 生业模式　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：哈民忙哈遗址是我国考古工作者在北纬43°以北地区，首次大面积发掘保存最完整的史前聚落遗址。哈民忙哈遗址的考古发掘，填补了中国东北地区新石器时代考古学文化的空白，被评为“2011年度全国十大考古新发现”之一。哈民忙哈遗址位于内蒙古通辽市科左中旗舍伯吐镇哈民艾勒东北3.5千米，正南距通辽市40千米。遗址现存范围南北长约900、东西宽约200米，平面呈不规则椭圆形，总面积约18万平方米。内蒙古文物考古研究所、科左中旗文物管理所及吉林大学边疆考古中心在2010年、2011年、2012年三度对其进行发掘。鉴于哈民忙哈遗址的文化内涵单纯，系首次发现这类遗存的原生堆积，，遗迹及遗物丰富，遗存特征明显，属于一种新的考古学文化遗存——哈民忙哈文化。遗址内共出土动物骨骼25857件，其中可鉴定种属标本共9349件，种属至少包括38种。动物资源丰富，种类繁多，可分为软体动物类、爬行动物类、鱼类、鸟类、哺乳动物类五大类。通过对动物最小个体数及种群的统计，可了解该地动物群构成及各种属动物所占总数比例，进而推测遗址周围的生态环境及原始居民的生产、生活方式，从而为完善和重建当时的生活图景提供重要信息。本文共分十部分：第一章简要介绍哈民忙哈遗址的地理位置、考古学背景以及本文使用的研究方法。第二章对遗址内出土的动物骨骼进行量化分析，简要介绍出土动物骨骼的基本信息，如数量、种属及一些相关问题。第三章介绍遗址内出土的五大类动物的种属、数量、部位、最小个体数等信息。对挑选的典型骨骼标本进行详细的描述,列举其测量尺寸数据，并附插图予以说明。第四章对骨表痕迹进行观察,并分类描述,进行量化分析,探讨自然力、动物、人类等三种外在作用对动物骨骼所造成的破坏。第五章对遗址内出土的蚌制品进行分类，并就其分类情况、加工工艺流程、功能等方面进行详细描述,附图予以说明，进而讨论该遗址的蚌制品特点、原始居民的工具制作水平及使用情况。第六章对遗址内出土的骨、角、牙制品加以分类，并就其分类情况、加工工艺流程、功能等方面进行详细描述，附图予以说明，进而讨论该遗址的骨、角、牙制品特点，以及由动物骨骼改造方法所反映出的原始居民行为模式。第七章主要包括两部分内容：出土猪骨材料所反映的问题及遗址的季节性推测。通过对猪的测量尺寸、年龄结构、性别构成、骨骼破碎度、空间分布等方面的分析，确定该遗址内出土的猪骨均来自于野猪。通过对蚌类采集季节及鹿角获取季节的分析，推测该遗址全年皆有人类居住，开展生产、生活活动。第八章通过对该遗址内各类动物数量的对比分析、原始居民肉食结构的复原、原始居民获取肉食资源的方式等方面的分析，探讨原始居民的肉食来源及生业模式，复原当时的生活场景。第九章通过对该地野生动物生活环境的分析,综合探讨当时哈民忙哈遗址周围的生态环境，完善对该遗址的认识。第十章对文中得出的结论进行总结。从遗址内出土的动物骨骼遗存简况、种属的鉴定、分类、描述、骨骼表面痕迹分析、骨角牙蚌制品分类及其加工工艺流程、遗址的生业模式和生态环境等方面进行综合研究和探讨。
[Abstract]:The archaeological excavation of Hamin busy ha site has filled the blank of the archaeological culture of the Neolithic Age in the northeast of China, which has been rated as one of the ten new archaeological discoveries of the country in the year of 2011, which is the first large area to excavate and preserve the most complete prehistoric settlement site in the north latitude of China.
The site of Haim busy Hakha is located in the northeast of Kazakhstan, 3.5 kilometers northeast of Kazakhstan in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, and 40 km from Tongliao city. The extant scope of the site is about 900, the East and the West are about 200 meters, the plane is irregular ellipse and the total area is about 180 thousand square meters. The Inner Mongolia cultural relics and Ancient Research Institute, the Cultural Relics Management Institute of the zhongzuo Zhongqi banner and Jilin big The frontier archaeological center was excavated in 2010, 2011 and three degrees in 2012.
In view of the simple cultural connotation of Haim busy Kazakhstan site, it is the first time to find the original accumulation of this kind of remains. The remains and remains are rich and the remains are characterized by a new cultural relics of the archaeological culture - Hamin busy hasten culture.
There are 25857 animal bones unearthed in the site. Among them, there are 9349 species of species that can be identified. There are at least 38 species of species. There are abundant animal resources and a wide variety of species. They can be divided into five categories: mollusks, reptiles, fish, birds and mammals. By the statistics of the smallest number of animals and the population of the animals, we can understand the composition and the various species of the animals. The proportion of the species to the total number of animals, and then to speculate on the ecological environment around the site and the production and life style of the primitive residents, thus providing important information for the improvement and reconstruction of the life landscape at that time.
This article is divided into ten parts:
The first chapter briefly introduces the geographical location, archaeological background and research methods used in this area.
The second chapter makes quantitative analysis of animal bones unearthed in the site, and briefly introduces the basic information of skeletons of unearthed animals, such as quantity, species and some related problems.
The third chapter introduces the species, the number, the location and the minimum number of the five kinds of animals, which are unearthed in the site.
In the fourth chapter, the bone surface traces are observed and classified, and the quantitative analysis is carried out to explore the damage caused by the three external effects of natural force, animal and human to the animal bones.
The fifth chapter classifies the mussel products unearthed in the site, and gives a detailed description of its classification, processing process, function and so on. The drawings are given to discuss the characteristics of the mussel products, the production level and the use of the primitive residents.
The sixth chapter classifies the bone, angle, and tooth products unearthed in the site, and describes the classification, processing process, function and other aspects of the site. The drawings are given to discuss the bone, angle, the characteristics of the dental products, and the primitive behavior patterns reflected by the methods of animal bone transformation.
The seventh chapter mainly includes two parts: the problems reflected by the unearthed pig bone material and the seasonal speculation of the site. Through the analysis of the measurement dimensions, age structure, sex composition, bone fragmentation and spatial distribution of pigs, it is determined that the pig bones unearthed in the site come from the wild boar. According to the analysis of the season, it is speculated that the site has human habitation all year round, producing and living activities.
The eighth chapter, through a comparative analysis of the number of all kinds of animals in the site, the restoration of the meat structure of the primitive residents, the way the primitive residents get the meat of the meat and other aspects, discuss the source of meat and the mode of life of the primitive residents, and restore the life scene of the time.
In the ninth chapter, by analyzing the living environment of wildlife in the area, the ecological environment around hahmanhaha site was comprehensively discussed, and the understanding of the site was perfected.
The tenth chapter summarizes the conclusions of the article. From the site of the site, the remains of the animal skeleton, the identification, classification, description, the analysis of the bone surface trace, the classification of the products of the mussel and its processing process, the model of the site and the ecological environment.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K878

【参考文献】