赤峰上机房营子遗址环境考古研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 09:09

本文选题：环境考古 + 上机房营子遗址　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以赤峰上机房营子遗址为个案,试图从环境考古的角度入手对其进行古环境复原及不同文化时期人地关系演变的研究。全文共分为五个部分。文章首先简要介绍了赤峰地区环境考古的基本情况以及对本遗址进行环境考古个案分析的必要性与可行性。其次对上机房营子遗址所在地的自然环境、遗址的地层堆积、文化分期及遗存等做了简单介绍。文章的研究重点集中于第三和第四部分。第三部分是对上机房营子遗址古环境的复原,主要通过对遗址地层剖面采样进行孢粉分析、遗址中出土动物骨骼遗存的鉴定来复原本遗址古环境,并结合遗址周围地区的古环境研究对本遗址的古环境进行综合分析,研究表明本遗址在夏家店下层及上层文化时期古植被情况表现为疏林草原向半干旱温带草原的转变,气候环境一直处于较干冷的情况,而且在遗址所处文化时期气候环境存在不同幅度的波动变化。第四部分是建立在第三部分基础之上的人地关系研究。本章主要从地学、动物、植物考古三方面入手进一步分析古人类是如何适应、利用并改造自然环境。通过研究可知夏家店下层文化早期阶段大批古人类选择在阴河岸边生活,以农业生产为主,兼有家畜饲养,也打猎野生动物以补充肉食资源。同时砍伐周围的树木及充分利用周围的石材制作工具与建造石城。到后期由于气候逐步向干冷发展,人口增长与可利用资源有限的矛盾加剧,土地无法负载高强度经年的农耕活动,生态环境恶化,导致人类放弃原有居址,迁移至他方,此地区在考古学文化上出现约500年的文化断层。这一地区经历几百年的生态环境恢复后,随之而来的夏家店上层文化时期的人群,仍以农业为主,家畜饲养在生活中所占比例较前期增加,不过仍不是主要的产业。他们在对石材及动植物资源利用方面的能力大大加强,随后此区在经历了几百年的人类活动后,由于人类活动影响与全球性的气候变化,导致当地的生态环境进一步恶化,这一生态脆弱带再也无法支持大规模的原始农业生产与人类生活。这两个不同文化的人群在相似的环境下其生存对策也是相似的,早期人类生业模式的选择主要受到自然环境的影响,人类自身的能动性对早期文化发展的影响相对较弱。而本遗址从早期出现人类活动到现今,人地关系表现为由“和谐—不和谐—和谐—不和谐”的转变,最终由于脆弱的生态环境无法恢复而变得荒凉。第五部分为结论部分,总结了文中的主要研究结果,即本遗址的古环境复原情况与不同文化时期人地关系的具体表现及演化,同时总结本文通过研究所得到的对于环境考古个案研究的经验以及存在的一些研究不足之处。另外指出本地区的环境恶化与古人类活动有密切联系,为我们以后保护及开发生态脆弱地带提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Taking the Yingzi site of Chifeng Shangjiefang as an example, this paper attempts to study the restoration of paleoenvironment and the evolution of human-land relations in different cultural periods from the point of view of environmental archaeology. The full text is divided into five parts. Firstly, the paper briefly introduces the basic situation of environmental archaeology in Chifeng area and the necessity and feasibility of environmental archaeological case analysis of the site. Secondly, the natural environment, stratigraphic accumulation, cultural stages and remains of the site are briefly introduced. The research focuses on the third and fourth parts. The third part is the restoration of the paleoenvironment of Yingzi site of Shangjiefang, which is mainly restored to the paleoenvironment of the original site by analyzing the stratigraphic section of the site and identifying the remains of animals unearthed from the site. The paleoenvironment of the site is analyzed synthetically with the study of paleoenvironment around the site. The results show that the paleovegetation of the site in the lower and upper cultural period of Xia Jia Dian shows the change from the sparse forest grassland to the semi-arid temperate grassland. The climate environment is always dry and cold, and the climate environment fluctuates in different extent during the cultural period of the site. The fourth part is based on the third part of the study of human-land relations. This chapter mainly analyzes how paleoanthropology adapts, utilizes and rebuilds the natural environment from three aspects of geoscience, animal and plant archaeology. Through the study, it can be seen that in the early stage of Xiadiadian lower culture, a large number of ancient people chose to live on the banks of the Yin River, mainly in agricultural production, as well as in raising livestock and hunting wild animals to supplement the resources of meat. At the same time cut down the surrounding trees and make full use of the surrounding stone tools and construction of stone city. In the latter stage, due to the gradual development of the climate towards dry and cold conditions, the contradiction between population growth and the limited availability of resources intensified, and the land was unable to support high-intensity agricultural activities for years, and the ecological environment deteriorated, which led to the human beings abandoning their original settlements and migrating to other places. The area has a cultural fault of about 500 years in archaeological culture. After hundreds of years of ecological environment restoration in this area, the population in the upper culture period of Xia Jia Dian is still mainly agriculture, and the proportion of livestock raising in life is increasing, but it is still not the main industry. Their ability to use stone and animal and plant resources has been greatly enhanced, and the ecological environment of the region has deteriorated further as a result of human activity and global climate change, after hundreds of years of human activity. This ecologically fragile zone can no longer support large-scale primitive agricultural production and human life. The survival strategies of these two groups of different cultures are similar in the similar environment. The choice of early human life model is mainly affected by the natural environment, and the influence of human's own initiative on the early cultural development is relatively weak. From the early appearance of human activities to the present, the relationship between man and land changed from harmony to disharmony, and finally became desolate because the fragile ecological environment could not be restored. The fifth part is the conclusion part, which summarizes the main research results of this paper, that is, the concrete expression and evolution of the restoration of paleoenvironment and the relationship between man and land in different cultural periods. At the same time, the paper summarizes the experience of the case study of environmental archaeology and some shortcomings of the research. In addition, it is pointed out that the environmental deterioration in this area is closely related to the paleo human activities, which provides a reference for us to protect and develop the fragile ecological zone in the future.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K872

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