江淮东部史前文化与社会研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 06:17

本文选题：江淮东部 + 史前时期　；参考：《山东大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：淮河流域在中国古代文明的形成和发展过程中占有重要的地位,但学术界对其重视程度远不如黄河流域和长江流域。尤其是受到自然环境变迁影响严重的江淮东部地区,没有得到应有的重视,不仅考古工作开展得比较少,相应的研究也远远不够。在青莲岗遗址发现之后,青莲岗文化的命名提出,从而打破了原有的“仰韶-龙山”二元格局,但在20世纪90年代以前,江淮东部地区多针对青莲岗附近的几处遗址的文化属性展开讨论,但此时江淮东部地区少有遗址进行过系统的发掘,因此这种讨论多是借助于与青莲岗遗址有近似文化面貌的遗址进行,而这些遗址又多不属于江淮东部地区的范畴。以致于江淮东部地区的原始文化以及史前时期的文化序列一直以来不能得到很好的解决。淮河上游贾湖遗址的发掘使人们对淮河流域的原始文化有了全新的认识,为了深入对淮河流域的史前文化的认识,同时也为了解决江淮东部地区考古文化区系类型问题,20世纪90年代以来,南京博物院在江淮东部地区开展了一系列的考古调查及发掘工作,这不仅为此前持久的关于青莲岗文化的讨论提供了新的线索,同时也为该区域的综合研究积累了大量新材料,而近几年进行的全国第三次文物普查,使江淮东部地区的史前遗址的数量又有所增加。与此同时,相邻的海岱地区以及太湖地区的考古研究工作愈加充实,对两个地区的考古学文化的发展序列及文化面貌有了清楚的认识；同时由于新考古学的传入,使我们认识到,考古研究要解决的问题应该透过我们发现的考古材料,去阐述当时的社会状况,进而过程考古学、社会考古学、认知考古学、聚落考古学等以阐述为主的各种理论日渐其盛,特别进入21世纪以来,考古学的理论与方法越来越成熟。在此基础上,本文对江淮东部地区史前遗存进行详尽分析,确立江淮东部史前文化性质及年代发展序列,进而从经济、聚落、思想信仰等不同方面探讨由考古遗存所揭示的江淮东部地区的史前社会的发展进程。全文分为八个部分。一、绪论：主要介绍文章选题的原因以及写作的思路,同时对文章的时空框架作简要说明,并对运用的理论与方法作介绍。二、第一章：江淮东部地区的自然地理环境。主要从地理地貌及成因、自然环境与气候、海岸线变迁、长江入海口和淮河及西部诸湖的变迁等几个方面,借助于自然学科已有的研究成果,对江淮东部地区史前时期的自然地理环境作介绍。人类发展的初期阶段,自然环境及地理位置的优劣,在很大程度上影响着人类社会发展的进程。江淮东部特殊的地理环境,使得江淮东部在其最初阶段形成了有着自身特色的考古学文化,但这也是其走向衰亡的原因之一,同时也影响着后期各种文化在江淮东部地区分布以及传播的路线。三、第二章：江淮东部地区史前考古工作与研究历程。主要介绍江淮东部地区史前考古调查和发掘工作的情况,以及不同时期内相应开展的考古研究工作。对于江淮东部地区的考古工作及研究,可以1991年为界分为两个阶段,其中前期以调查为主,研究层面则主要集中于对文化遗存的属性界定上；后期开始有了针对性的发掘工作,获取了不同类型的文化遗存,进而研究工作一方面开始转为对之前的发现进行重新审视与定位,并初步构建江淮东部的史前文化发展序列,另一方面也开始结合发掘材料,阐述史前的社会状况。四、第三章：江淮东部地区史前文化的发展序列。在对江淮东部地区发现的史前典型遗址分析的基础上,与区域内其他遗址进行对比,从而梳理江淮东部地区各类遗存之间的相互关系,确立文化发展的序列；同时将文化遗存与周围地区的文化进行比较研究,以确定区域内不同时期文化遗存的绝对年代与性质。江淮东部地区不同阶段的文化面貌和性质存在着较大的差异,总体看来主要可以分为三个大的阶段。第一阶段是龙虬庄文化时期,江淮东部多为当地原始文化的分布区,但在文化发展的后期阶段受到太湖地区文化的强烈影响,北部的青莲岗类遗存则或可归入海岱地区史前文化；第二阶段江淮东部地区原始文化的独立性丧失殆尽,区域内多有良渚文化遗存的分布,进而成为太湖文化区的组成部分；第三阶段江淮东部则成为海岱文化的分布范围。五、第四章：江淮东部地区史前社会经济。主要是对不同时期江淮东部地区发现的与经济相关的遗存进行分析,以阐述当时的经济状况。江淮东部地区的经济与当时的自然资源、环境有密切关系,尤其是在龙虬庄文化时期,可以说渔猎和采集类的攫取经济在获取食物资源中占有重要地位,而以家畜饲养和水稻种植为代表的生产经济并没有占据绝对优势；该阶段的手工业经济中,陶器和骨角器制作都达到了较高的水平,尤其是骨角器的加工,有了专门的工匠。龙虬庄文化之后,虽然也发掘了不同时期的遗址,但与经济相关的遗存相对较少,限制了我们对于当时社会经济的认识。六、第五章：江淮东部地区史前聚落分析。主要从聚落的分布、聚落内部居址及墓葬情况着手,对于江淮东部地区的史前社会状况进行探讨。从聚落的分布情况可以看出江淮东部地区在史前文化交流中的作用,同时也可以了解文化传播及人群迁徙的路线,江淮东部地区在史前时期可以说经历了一个海岱、太湖系文化南来北往的过程；而通过居址形态和墓葬,可以了解江淮东部地区在史前时期的社会组织结构及发展进程。七、第六章：江淮东部地区史前思想信仰。主要对江淮东部地区发现的史前时期的刻画符号、特殊埋葬方式等可以反映思想信仰的各种考古遗存与现象进行统计分析,进而揭示当时的思想信仰状况。可以看出,江淮东部地区相对于海岱地区和太湖地区而言,在史前时期并没有形成自己强势的思想传统,而这也是其很快走向衰亡的极为重要的原因。八、结语：对前文内容的概括和总结,同时指出文章的创新之处以及写作过程中的一些问题。
[Abstract]:The Huaihe basin occupies an important position in the formation and development of ancient Chinese civilization. However, the academic circles pay more attention to it than the the Yellow River River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin. In particular, the eastern Huaihuai region, which is seriously affected by the changes in the natural environment, has not received the due attention, not only the archaeological work has been carried out relatively little, and the corresponding research has also been studied. It is far from enough. After the discovery of the site of the Qing lotus site, the name of the green lotus culture was put forward, which broke the original "Yangshao Longshan" two yuan pattern. But before 1990s, the eastern region of Jianghuai mainly discussed the cultural properties of several sites near the Qinghai lotus post, but there were few sites in the eastern part of Jianghuai. As a result, this kind of discussion is mostly based on sites with similar cultural features with the site of the Qing lotus site, which are mostly not in the eastern part of the Yangtze and Huaihe areas, so that the original culture and the cultural sequence in the prehistoric period in the eastern part of the Yangtze and Huaihe regions have not been well solved.
The excavation of the Jia Lake site in the upper reaches of Huaihe has made people have a new understanding of the primitive culture of the Huaihe River Basin. In order to deepen the understanding of the prehistoric culture of the Huaihe basin, and to solve the problem of the archaeological cultural area in the eastern part of the Yangtze Huaihe region, the Nanjing Museum has carried out a series of tests in the east of the Yangtze and Huaihe areas. The ancient investigation and excavation work not only provided a new clue to the long - lasting discussion of the Qing lotus culture, but also accumulated a large number of new materials for the comprehensive study of the region, and the third national cultural relics census conducted in recent years has increased the number of prehistoric sites in the east of the Yangtze and Huaihe regions. The archaeological research work in the area of Hai Dai and Taihu has been enriched, and the development sequence and cultural features of the archaeological culture in the two regions have been clearly understood. At the same time, the introduction of new archaeology has made us realize that the problems to be solved in archaeological research should be addressed through the archaeological materials we found to explain the society at that time. In particular, the theories and methods of archaeology have become more and more mature since twenty-first Century. On this basis, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the prehistoric relics in the eastern region of Jianghuai and establishes the prehistoric culture in the east of Jianghuai. The development of the prehistoric society of the eastern Jianghuai region, which is revealed by archaeological remains, is discussed from the different aspects of the quality and age development sequence and from the different aspects of the economy, settlement and ideological belief.
The full text is divided into eight parts.
First, introduction: the main introduction of the reasons for the article and the thinking of writing, at the same time, a brief description of the time and space framework of the article, and the application of the theory and methods are introduced.
The two, the first chapter: the natural geographical environment in the east of the Yangtze Huaihe region, mainly from the geographical features and causes, the natural environment and climate, the change of the coastline, the Changjiang River entrance to the sea and the changes of Huaihe and the Western lakes, and the natural and geographical environment of the eastern region of the Yangtze and Huaihe eastern regions by means of the existing research results. In the early stages of the development of the class, the advantages and disadvantages of the natural environment and geographical position greatly affect the process of human social development. The special geographical environment in the east of the Huaihe and Huaihe East has made the archaeological culture with its own characteristics in the first stage of the Yangtze and Huaihe River, but this is one of the reasons for its decline and decline, and it also affects the latter. The distribution and dissemination routes of various cultures in the eastern part of Yangtze Huaihe River.
The three, the second chapter: the prehistoric archaeological work and research course in the east of the Jianghuai region. It mainly introduces the prehistoric archaeological investigation and excavation work in Eastern Jianghuai region, as well as the corresponding archaeological research work in different periods. The archaeological work and research in the eastern region of Jianghuai area can be divided into two stages in 1991. The research level is mainly focused on the definition of the attributes of cultural remains; at the later stage, it began to have targeted excavation work and acquired different types of cultural remains. On the other hand, we began to explore the prehistoric social conditions combined with excavation materials.
The four, the third chapter: the development sequence of the prehistoric culture in the eastern region of Jianghuai. On the basis of the analysis of the prehistoric sites found in the eastern region of the Huaihe and Huaihe region, it contrasts with the other sites in the region, thus combing the relationship between the various relics in the East of the Yangtze and Huaihe region, establishing the sequence of cultural development, and at the same time, the cultural remains and the surrounding areas A comparative study is carried out to determine the absolute age and nature of cultural remains in different periods of the region. There are great differences in the cultural features and nature of the different stages of the eastern Jianghuai region. In general, it can be divided into three major stages. The first stage is the period of the Wen Qiu Wen Hua, and the eastern part of the Jianghuai East is mostly the local primitive culture. In the late stage of cultural development, the distribution area is strongly influenced by the culture of the Taihu region. The remains of the Northern Qinghai Province can be attributed to the prehistoric culture of the Huai Region, and the second stage of the original culture of the eastern region of the Jianghuai region is lost, and the distribution of the Liangzhu culture remains in the region, thus becoming a component of the Taihu cultural area. In the third stage, the eastern part of Jianghuai has become the distribution area of Hai Dai culture.
The five and fourth chapters: the prehistoric society and economy in the eastern part of the Yangtze Huaihe region, mainly to analyze the economic related remains found in the eastern region of the Yangtze and Huaihe Huaihe region, in order to explain the economic situation at the time. The economy in the eastern region of the Yangtze Huaihe region is closely related to the natural resources and environment at that time, especially in the period of the Dragon Qiu Zhuang culture. The acquisition economy occupies an important position in the acquisition of food resources, while the production economy represented by livestock breeding and rice cultivation does not occupy an absolute advantage. In the handicraft economy of this stage, the production of pottery and angle apparatus has reached a higher level, especially the processing of the bone horns, with a special craftsman. Although the ruins of different periods have been excavated, there are relatively few remains related to the economy, which limits our understanding of the social economy at that time.
The six and fifth chapters: the analysis of prehistoric settlements in the east of the Yangtze Huaihe region, mainly from the distribution of the settlement, the internal address of the settlement and the burial situation, and the prehistoric social situation in the eastern region of Jianghuai. In the eastern part of Jianghuai, the eastern region of Jianghuai can be said to have experienced a haai and Taihu culture from the south to the north, and the social structure and development process of the eastern Jianghuai eastern region in the prehistoric period can be understood.
The seven, the sixth chapter: the prehistoric belief of the eastern Jianghuai region, mainly to the portrayal symbols of the prehistoric period discovered in the east of the Huaihe Huaihe region, the special burial mode and other archaeological remains and phenomena which can reflect the thought and belief, and then reveal the thought state of the thought at that time. It can be seen that the eastern region of Jianghuai is relative to the Hai Dai. In the region and Taihu, there was no strong ideological tradition in prehistoric times, which is also a very important reason for its rapid decline.
Eight, concluding remarks: summarize and summarize the foregoing contents, and point out the innovation of the article and some problems in the process of writing.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K872

【参考文献】