早期道教考古遗存分析

发布时间：2018-07-03 05:22

本文选题：道教考古 + 世家大族　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：道教的发展在经历了早期形成期之后,从汉末发端至魏晋时期逐渐形成体系,走向成熟。道教考古即利用考古学的手段,与当时的文献记载相印证,通过墓葬中的遗物情况,对早期道教影响社会生活等方面的情况进行一定的揭示。道教在当时社会生活中,影响既深且广。但是由于早期相应的文献记载较少,且考古工作时或缺乏相应的宗教知识,对其遗物不能完全辨识,如名刺、木方、买地卷、墓志、丹药等。遗物中名刺、木方、买地卷和墓志属于文字材料,辨识度相对较容易。丹药由于保存问题和辨识度相对不高,缺乏相应的认识。墓葬情况本文对武昌郑丑墓、南京象山王丹虎墓、南昌高荣墓、马鞍山朱然墓、偃师肥致墓和南京高崧墓进行了梳理,其大多与道教有关,并对其情况作了介绍。但在南京象山王丹虎墓和南京仙鹤观东晋墓中所出的丹药和或用于服食的器具,应当为丹药服食情况的佐证。服食丹药在道教的文化中占有非常重要的地位,而且服食者应不限于正式的教徒和道士。南京地区是当时统治中心,世家大族的墓葬多位于此,从所出的丹药等情况来看,认为是符合世家大族服食丹药的情况,且证明了文献记载这些世家大族与道教之间的关系密切。本文分为四个部分论述。第一章,概括介绍早期道教的历史概况,早期道教考古的国内外研究情况。第二章,道教考古的典型墓例情况介绍,典型器物情况介绍。第三章,对当时上层士族服食丹药的情况进行了分析,以在南京象山东晋王丹虎墓和南京仙鹤观东晋所出的丹药为例,说明当时这种情况的普遍性。第四章,结语,道教作为土生土长的宗教,对我国社会影响广而深,其一鉴于早期道教考古与之相印的文献记载相对较少,反而应当重视这一部分的材料,其二道教在早期传播中自下而上,在世家大族中影响深远,并成为我国传统文化中不可或缺的一部分。
[Abstract]:The development of Taoism experienced the early forming period, from the beginning of the late Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin dynasties, the system gradually formed and matured. Taoist archaeology is the use of archaeological means, with the literature records at that time, through the tomb remains of the situation, early Taoism impact on social life and other aspects of the situation to a certain extent revealed. Taoism in the social life at that time, both deep and wide impact. However, due to the lack of early relevant documents and archaeological work or lack of corresponding religious knowledge, its remains can not be fully identified, such as the name of the thorn, wooden square, land roll, epitaph, medicine and so on. Relics in the name of the thorn, wooden square, land roll and epitaph belong to the text materials, relatively easy to identify. Due to the preservation problem and the relatively low degree of identification, Dan medicine lacks the corresponding understanding. The tomb of Zheng Chou in Wuchang, the Wang Dan tiger tomb in Xiangshan in Nanjing, the Gao Rong tomb in Nanchang, the Zhu ran tomb in Ma'anshan, the tomb in Yanshi and Gao Song in Nanjing are combed in this paper. Most of them are related to Taoism, and the situation is also introduced. But the red medicine and the utensils used in the Wang Dan tiger tomb of Xiangshan in Nanjing and in the tomb of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Xianhe View of Nanjing should be the evidence of the situation of taking the medicine. Herbal medicine plays a very important role in Taoist culture and should not be limited to formal believers and Taoists. Nanjing was the center of the ruling at that time, and the tombs of the great clans were mostly located here. Judging from the situation of the Dan medicine given out, it was believed that it was in line with the situation of the families who took the medicine. It also proves the close relationship between these clans and Taoism. This paper is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the history of early Taoism and the domestic and international research of early Taoist archaeology. The second chapter introduces the typical tomb examples of Taoist archaeology and the typical objects. In the third chapter, the author analyzes the situation of the upper class taking Dan medicine at that time, taking the Wang Dan tiger tomb in the East Jin Dynasty of Xiangshan in Nanjing and the Dan medicine produced in the Eastern Jin Dynasty of Xianhe Guan in Nanjing as examples, to explain the universality of this situation at that time. Chapter four, conclusion, Taoism, as a native religion, has a wide and deep impact on our society. Firstly, because of the relatively few documents recorded in early Taoist archaeology, we should attach importance to this part of the material. Secondly, Taoism spread from bottom to top in the early period, and became an indispensable part of Chinese traditional culture.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K878.8

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