奥卡姆指代理论研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 04:01

本文选题：奥卡姆 + 指代理论　；参考：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：奥卡姆作为中世纪著名的逻辑学家,在逻辑学界最具影响力的贡献是建立了指代理论。奥卡姆在指代理论中不仅明确说明了指代是词项在命题中具有的特性,而且还探讨了恰当指代与不恰当指代的各种形式。他将恰当指代分为人称指代、简单指代以及实质指代,将不恰当指代分为换称、提喻和转喻。其中,奥卡姆重点探讨了人称指代的各种类型。根据词项是否被有意义地使用,奥卡姆解释了什么是人称指代、简单指代以及实质指代,又通过上升与下降理论定义了人称指代的各种类型。为了避免在指代理论中出现太多主观因素,奥卡姆制定了一系列语法规则来确定词项具有的指代类型,又通过制定语义规则来确定词项所具有的指代物。奥卡姆在词项的可能性指代物组合下对命题进行了有效地解读,即判断命题的真与假。他所建立的指代理论体系从本质上是对命题解读的有效机制。奥卡姆指代理论具有重要的逻辑意义。一方面,基于指代理论,奥卡姆提出了命题判定的标准;另一方面,奥卡姆的指代理论为现代量词理论提供了自然语言基础。
[Abstract]:As a famous logician in the Middle Ages, Occam's most influential contribution in the field of logic is the establishment of reference theory.In the anaphora theory, Occam not only explained clearly that the anaphora is the characteristic of the word item in the proposition, but also probed into the various forms of proper anaphora and improper anaphora.He divides proper anaphora into personal reference, simple anaphora and substantive anaphora, and improper anaphora is divided into metonymy, metonymy and metonymy.Among them, Occam focuses on the various types of personal reference.According to whether the term is used meaningfully, Occam explains what is personal anaphora, simple anaphora and substantial anaphora, and defines various types of personal anaphora by the theory of ascending and descending.In order to avoid too many subjective factors in the anaphora theory Occam formulated a series of grammatical rules to determine the anaphoric types of word items and semantic rules to determine the anaphora of word items.Occam interprets propositions effectively, that is, judging the truth and falsehood of propositions.The reference theory system established by him is essentially an effective mechanism for the interpretation of propositions.Occam's theory of reference has important logical significance.On the one hand, based on the theory of anaphora, Occam puts forward the criterion of propositional judgment; on the other hand, Occam's theory of reference provides the natural language basis for modern quantifier theory.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B81-0

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