批判性思维对中国人创新观念与行为的影响

发布时间：2018-06-02 05:52

本文选题：批判性思维 + 分析能力　；参考：《心理科学进展》2017年05期

【摘要】：批判性思维是指个体基于良好判断、使用恰当的评估标准对事物的价值进行评估和思考的过程。尽管心理学家对它的研究时间并不长,但对这个概念的探索却从启蒙运动时代的笛卡尔就开始了。笛卡尔认为人们的很多知识都是建构在错误的基础上的,所以为了追求真理,最好的方法就是对现有的观念和认知统统加以怀疑,怀疑后才会发现并解决问题,从而达到促进知识发展和寻找确定性的目标,这种怀疑和质疑正是批判性思维的本质。Ennis、Facione等从20世纪80年代中期开始用心理学的方法确定了西方人批判性思维的特征,并从批判性分析能力、思维开放性和运用批判性思维倾向性三个方面衡量批判性思维。本研究计划包括4个系列实验:研究1是确立中国人批判性思维的结构;研究2是探讨智力、批判性思维与大学生创造力的关系;研究3是探究批判性思维与知识型员工创新之间的关系;研究4是通过对批判性思维的干预提升中国人的创新能力。通过这一系列的研究,找到批判性思维影响创新的机制,以及智力到创新行为之间的作用路径,从而使我们更好地理解培养批判性思维的价值,为党的十八大提出的万众创新提供理论支持。
[Abstract]:Critical thinking refers to the process of evaluating and thinking about the value of things based on good judgment and appropriate evaluation criteria. Although psychologists have not studied it for a long time, this concept has been explored since Descartes in the Enlightenment. Descartes thinks that a lot of people's knowledge is built on a wrong basis, so the best way to pursue truth is to doubt all existing ideas and perceptions, and then discover and solve the problem. In order to achieve the goal of promoting knowledge development and seeking certainty, this kind of doubt and doubt is precisely the nature of critical thinking. Ennis-Facione and others have used psychological methods to determine the characteristics of Western critical thinking since the mid-1980s. It also measures critical thinking from three aspects: critical analysis ability, thinking openness and application of critical thinking tendency. This research plan includes four series of experiments: study 1 is to establish the structure of Chinese critical thinking, 2 is to explore the relationship between intelligence, critical thinking and college students' creativity; Study 3 is to explore the relationship between critical thinking and innovation of knowledge workers, and study 4 is to improve the innovation ability of Chinese people through the intervention of critical thinking. Through this series of studies, we find out the mechanism of critical thinking influencing innovation, and the function path between intelligence and innovation behavior, so that we can better understand the value of cultivating critical thinking. For the party's 18 th National Congress of the masses of innovation to provide theoretical support.
【作者单位】：北京大学心理与认知科学学院暨行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31671159)
【分类号】：B811

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