斯特劳森的识别理论研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 17:27

本文选题：斯特劳森 + 识别　；参考：《西南大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文立论于这一崭新视角：基于识别问题重审斯特劳森的主体哲学思想,并提炼出内嵌于斯特劳森哲学思想中的识别理论。这种研究既为在各个核心主题背景下推进对其识别问题的研究提供了丰富的理论支撑,又为深化研究其哲学的各个相关主题开辟了一条新的进路。本文的立论基于以下原因：通过对其著述的研究我们发现：第一、尽管他的各个核心主题并非直接探讨识别问题,却与该问题有着密切关联。解答“识别的实现”的必要条件离不开各核心主题的论证和支持,而要完整把握各核心主题及其相互关系,又必须将其置于“识别的实现”这一分析框架中。第二,通过研究解答“识别的实现”的各相关主题,能清晰呈现其哲学思想的演进过程,该过程符合他在《分析的形而上学》中关于哲学总体构想和哲学分析方法的阐释。由此我们认为,识别理论完整而自成一体地内嵌于他的整体性哲学中。其一在于他涉及到识别问题的多个方面：指称与识别的关系、识别的本体论依据、认识框架和方法论等；其二在于识别理论并非孤立于他的描述的形而上学及先验论证的方法体系外,而是与之紧密结合,为他后期总结性提出哲学的分析方法和整体构想提供了坚实的理论基础。总之,识别理论贯穿于他的逻辑学、本体论与认识论之中,与它们融合成一个纵横交织的缜密系统,是其学术思想的重要组成部分。本文拟从以下部分展开研究：第1章探讨识别理论的形成基础。他与罗素和奎因的论争为识别概念的形成提供了直接的铺垫,其中已提出了殊相识别的部分观点并包含了后来思想的萌芽。本章首先考察了他在对摹状词理论和单称词项可消除论的批评中正面树立的识别指称观以及将识别指称作为单称词项本质规定性的观点,接下来探讨了《个体》中的识别概念,从“听者—说者”这一识别的基本模式出发提炼出识别的几种情况并对各自适用范围进行了分析。第2章探讨识别的本体论依据。本章围绕“识别的基础性”与“本体论的优先性”的关联展开。第1节从他对逻辑主项与存在的关系的论述入手探讨其本体论的基本立场。第2节探讨他对奎因本体论化约纲领的批评,这为正面阐发本体论的等级论提供了直接铺垫。第3节考察本体论等级论这一特色理论,剖析了“赋予基本殊相以本体论优先性”这一关键命题的内涵,重点分析了他通过对语法标准与范畴标准的比较以揭示主谓区分背后的“本体论优先性”的思路。第4节通过对他与奎因本体论思想的系统比较,深入揭示其本体论的特征和独特意义。第3章探讨识别的认识框架,该框架与概念图式的构想有关。本章首先通过与康德“图式”的比较分析了这一概念图式的性质和特征,接下来围绕“时空系统与作为经验实在的基本殊相对于反映该概念图式具有怎样的关联性”的问题,探讨了作为概念图式之基本构架的时空系统的特征,以及他确立物质物体为基本殊对于识别活动的意义,并从“经验的可能性条件”的先验意义上分析了人对其它殊相的“不同却相关方式”的识别支持作用。本章最终揭示了他确立物质物体和人为基本殊相的目的,即将殊相放入现有的时空系统中以揭示思想的概念图式,整个识别活动正是围绕着对概念图式的说明这一基本任务而展开。第4章探讨识别的方法论特征。旨在通过对识别理论中所运用的先验论证的特征、有效性和目标定位的考察,审视其先验论证关于识别活动之价值。第1节参照康德的策略考察了他有关经验的讨论与概念图式中基础概念之间的本质关联。第2节在考察关于识别的可能性的先验论证的形式特征的基础上,分析了其论证应对怀疑论的有效性,并赋予适度先验论证的内在辩护策略下的解读。第3节考察他对先验论证的深化,即对康德先验演绎的重构的“经验的客观性论证”,说明其论证的实质仍是对康德式方法路径的延续。第4节考察他的先验论证的价值目标,联系于对信念确定性的分析,从自然主义观点中为其论证寻找支撑。第5章总结评价识别理论对于当代哲学的新贡献。我们通过前几章的研究的支撑,并结合他在《分析与形而上学》中对形而上学、分析方法及哲学整体图景的阐释,从三个方面归纳了他的贡献。第6章基于以上研究对其哲学思想作出了拓展性思考：第一,从形而上学的“描述性”与“修正性”之关系、“语言理论的现实转向”的合理性以及识别活动的解释途径三个方面对识别理论的局限性进行了思考；第二,在知识论框架下将其思想解读为特殊的“先验建构型”的基础主义；第三,从拓扑学视角探析了其哲学观和方法论的启示。本文的创新工作可概括为：1.主题上：通过综合思考,将识别理论作为内嵌于斯特劳森哲学中的一个系统整体而非局限于《个体》中对识别的直接探讨,从不同论著中提取出“识别的实现”作为统摄其主体哲学思想的基础问题。2.思路上：拟定了深入挖掘该问题的框架性思路,从形成基础、本体论依据、认识框架、方法论以及对当代哲学的影响等方面进行系统探讨,揭示出识别理论的内在发展理路,展现各核心主题的相互关系,并通过该思路彰显他的哲学整体图像。3.研究方法上：结合各核心主题,将他与奎因、康德的思想进行系统比较,比较中揭示其理论的思想渊源、特征和独特意义。4.归纳和解析上：(1)将其把握客观经验知识的方式解析为适度先验论证的内在辩护策略；(2)基于信念确定性的“普遍印证观”重审其先验论证的价值目标；(3)结合语言现象学,以及心理或认知科学的相关观点,对比研究中揭示其理论的局限性；(4)将其思想定位为“先验建构型”的基础主义；(5)从对其哲学思想的特征与拓扑学基本思想的内在相似性的分析中,归纳出从这种“拓扑学”风格的哲学研究中所得的方法启示。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a new view of this new perspective: Based on the recognition of the subject of Lawson's main philosophical thought, and refining the theory of recognition embedded in the philosophy of Lawson, which not only provides a rich theoretical support for the study of the problem of recognition in the background of various core themes, but also to deepen the study of its philosophy. All the related topics have opened up a new path.
Through the study of his writings, we find that, first, although his core topics are not directly related to the problem of recognition, they are closely related to the problem. The necessary conditions for solving the "realization of recognition" are inseparable from the argument and support of the core themes, and the need to fully grasp the core themes and their relationships must be set up. In the analysis framework of "realization of recognition". Second, through the study of the relevant themes of "realization of recognition", the evolution process of his philosophical thought can be clearly presented. The process conforms to his interpretation of the overall philosophy and philosophical analysis in the metaphysics of the analysis. One is that he is embedded in his holistic philosophy. One is that he is involved in many aspects of identification: the relationship between reference and recognition, the ontological basis of recognition, the understanding of the framework and methodology, and the other is that the theory of recognition is not isolated from the metaphysics and the method system of transcendental argument in his description. It provides a solid theoretical basis for his late concluding analysis and overall conception of philosophy. In a word, the theory of recognition runs through his logic, ontology and epistemology, and is an important part of his academic thinking. This article is intended to be carried out from the following parts. Research:
The first chapter discusses the basis of the formation of the theory of recognition. His argument with Russell and Quin provides a direct paving for the formation of the concept of recognition. To identify the concept of referential and to identify the identity of the name as the essential requirement of the single term term, then the concept of identification in the individual is discussed. Several cases of recognition are extracted from the basic pattern of the "listener speaker", and the scope of their application is analyzed.
The second chapter discusses the ontological basis of recognition. This chapter focuses on the relationship between "the fundamental of recognition" and "the priority of ontology". The first section discusses the basic position of his ontology starting with his discussion on the relationship between the logical main item and the existence. The second section discusses his criticism of the ontological programme of Quin's ontology, which is a positive analysis of ontology. The theory of hierarchy provides direct paving. The third section examines the theory of ontological hierarchy, analyzes the connotation of the key proposition of "giving priority to the basic disparity in ontology", and focuses on the idea that he reveals the "ontological priority" behind the distinction between the subject and predicate by comparing the grammatical standards and the category standards. Fourth Through the systematic comparison of his ontological thoughts with Quin, this chapter reveals the characteristics and unique significance of ontology.
The third chapter discusses the cognitive framework of recognition, which is related to the conception of conceptual schema. This chapter first compares the nature and characteristics of the conceptual schema by comparing Kant's schema to the "relationship between the space-time system and the basic disparity as a reflection of the conceptual schema". This paper discusses the characteristics of the space-time system as the basic framework of the conceptual schema, and the significance of his establishment of material objects as the basic difference in recognition activities, and analyzes the recognition of the "different but related ways" of others from the transcendental meaning of "the possibility condition of experience". The purpose of the basic disparity between material objects and human beings is to put into the existing space-time system to reveal the conceptual schema of the thought, and the whole activity of recognition is centered around the basic task of the description of the conceptual schema.
The fourth chapter discusses the methodological features of recognition. The purpose of this study is to examine the value of its transcendental argumentation on the value of recognition through the investigation of the characteristics, effectiveness and target orientation of the transcendental argumentation used in the theory of recognition. The first section, referring to Kant's strategy, examines the essential association between the discussion of his experience and the basic concepts in the conceptual schema. The second section, on the basis of examining the formal features of the transcendental argument about the possibility of recognition, analyzes the validity of his argument in dealing with the skepticism and the interpretation under the internal defense strategy of the appropriate prior argument. The third section examines his deepening of the transcendental argument, that is, the "empirical objectivity argument" on the reconstruction of Kant's transcendental deduction. It shows that the essence of his argument is still the continuation of the Kantian approach. The fourth section examines the value goal of his transcendental argument, the analysis of the certainty of belief, and the support for his argument from the naturalistic viewpoint.
The fifth chapter summarizes the new contribution of the theory of evaluation and recognition to contemporary philosophy. Through the support of the previous chapters, we combined his interpretation of metaphysics, analytical methods and the overall picture of Philosophy in the analysis and metaphysics of the previous chapters, and summed up his contributions from three aspects.
The sixth chapter, based on the above research, makes an expanse of thinking on his philosophical thought. First, it thinks about the limitation of the recognition theory from three aspects: the relationship between the metaphysics "descriptive" and "revise", the rationality of "the realistic turn of language theory" and the way of interpretation of recognition activities; second, in the framework of the knowledge theory. We will interpret it as a special "transcendental constructivist" fundamentalism. Third, from the perspective of topology, we will explore its philosophical and methodological implications.
The innovative work of this article can be summarized as follows: 1. themes: through comprehensive thinking, the theory of recognition is regarded as a system embedded in Lawson's philosophy, rather than the direct discussion of recognition in the "individual". From different works, the "realization of recognition" is extracted as the basic question of the main philosophical thought of the subject of Lawson. The framework of deep excavation of this problem is drawn up, from the basis of formation, ontology, framework, methodology and the influence of contemporary philosophy on the internal development of recognition theory, showing the interrelationship between the core themes and showing the overall image of his philosophy.3. through this idea. On the basis of the research method, it compares his thoughts with Quin and Kant in a systematic comparison with each core theme, and reveals its theoretical origin, characteristics and unique significance.4. induction and analysis: (1) the method of grasping the objective experience knowledge into the internal defense strategy of moderate Transcendentalism; (2) "based on the certainty of belief". The universal impression concept retried the value goal of its transcendental argument; (3) combining the linguistic phenomenology and the related views of psychological or cognitive science, the limitations of its theory were revealed in the comparative study; (4) its thought was defined as the basic doctrine of "transcendental constructivism"; (5) from the characteristics of its philosophical thought and the inner principles of topology. In the analysis of similarity, we sum up the inspiration from the philosophical research of "topology" style.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B81-06

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