四川省农村金融发展对农民收入的影响研究

  本文关键词：四川省农村金融发展对农民收入的影响研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

        农民问题作为“三农”问题的核心,一直以来都受到我国政府的高度重视。解决农民问题首先要解决的是农民收入问题。我国作为一个农业大国,农村人口仍占有较大比重,农民收入问题依旧是关系国计民生的大问题。自2003年以来,中央已出台了九个关注“三农”工作的中央“一号文件”,“十二五”规划也在第二篇章指出新的五年国家重点做好农民增收工作,由此可以看出研究农民收入问题具有理论意义更具有现实意义。四川地处我国西南,是我国人口大省和农业大省。改革开放以来,四川省的经济发展突飞猛进,农民人均纯收入年年攀高。但从近几年四川统计年鉴上发现,城镇居民的人均纯收入增幅远远超过农民人均纯收入增幅,农民收入增长相对缓慢,城乡收入差距在不断拉大。其次,四川省与上海、浙江、广东等发达省市农民收入水平相比,仍处于落后水平。这种局面主要是由农民收入增速缓慢造成的,而影响农民收入增速的因素有很多,其中较重要的一个因素就是农村金融发展。本文从农村金融发展对农民收入影响的角度出发,首先回顾了四川省金融发展历程。在改革开放前,四川省跟随全国农村金融发展的脚步,认真贯彻中央“利用、限制、改造”的政策和严格管理与积极疏导的方针。1955年9月,为了支持农业合作化,中国农业银行四川省分行成立；同年四川省确定了实现乡乡建立信用社的目标。文化大革命时期,恢复不久的农业银行被撤并,四川省农村金融的发展被严重削弱。1978年底,党的十一届三中全金的召开拉开了我国经济体制改革的序幕。四川省同全国一样,积极推进金融体制改革,全省农村金融工作基本恢复了正常。1979年,农行再次恢复建制;1995年1月,遵循政策性金融和商业性金融相互分离的要求,在四川省成立了首家农业政策性银行——农业发展银行四川省分行。农发行的建立,发挥了特殊职能,加强了收购粮棉油资金的供应和管理,加大了扶贫的力度。1996年农发行分设地、县两级机构。截至1998年底,全省已有19个地州、87个县建立分支机构共126个,拥有在岗职工2666人。农信社一直是四川省农村金融的主体,1996年10月开始,自从农业银行分离出来以后,农信社开始转向农村合作金融组织方向改革,截止1998年12月末,拒不完全统计,拥有机构网点共4125个,职工40295人,成为四川省农村金融战线的一支主力军。其次,本文分析了四川省农村金融发展现状。近几年,随着农村金融的发展和完善,四川省内的农村金融服务体系也逐渐多元化,政策性金融(农业发展银行四川省分行)、商业性金融(各国有银行、股份制银行)、合作金融(四川省农村信用合作社)以及民间金融分工协作等各类金融机构的互相补充、互相促进,呈现出两大重要的特征：(1)农村金融机构类型呈现多元化；(2)农村金融的服务范围逐步向全省辐射开来。当前,全省所存在的多层次的金融服务体系,已经基本能够满足农村社会和经济发展的需要。2010年,四川省持续推进对于金融行业的深度改革。中国农业银行四川省分行再次被确定作为改革试点银行,进行深化“三农”金融事业部改革,此次金融事业部体制改革获得明显成效。农业发展银行四川省分行初次建立和改善了能够满足当代银行需求机构运营机制,努力做好政策性支农服务,敢于创新,推出了具有独特优势的信贷支农,拓展金融支农范围,促进农村经济发展。据统计,2010年底,四川省内各个县城以及县城以下的农村地区,银行类金融机构一共铺设8845个网点(其中农发行——87个；农行——953个；邮储银行——2252个;农信社——4774个),农村地区网点数量占全省所有银行类金融机构网点总量的比重为70.39%。县(区)辖内法人金融机构,476家,其中,农村信用社占比最多,超过了90%,达到了434家,其次为村镇银行,占比0.5%,为24家,加上城市商业银行占比2.7%,为13家,其余的还包括2家农村商业银行,1家农村合作银行,2家贷款公司。可见,农信社还是农村金融中最重要的金融机构,占据了明显的主导地位。涉农行业例如农户种植业、农户养殖业、特色农业、农业专业化合作社、农业固定资产开发、特色资源开发等领域得到信贷有力支持,开辟了服务于“三农”的商业新路径,创立了服务于“三农”的商业新模式。根据数据显示,2010年四川省发放的涉及三农的贷款与2009年相比增长30.52%。金融机构方面,农信社的体制改革取得突破性的进展,成都农村商业银行正式挂牌开业,建立了四川省第一家县级农商行——长宁县农村信用社。此外,新型农村金融机构发展迅速,成立了8家村镇银行,同时一共有43家小额贷款公司正式开业经营,而且运营状况较佳,对全省的农村社会经济的发展发挥了极其重要的作用。然而,四川省农村金融发展中仍存在农村金融结构失衡,金融服务覆盖率、满足率低,资金外流严重,金融涉农业务总体经营状况堪忧及金融创新较少等问题。本文通过建立农村金融发展指标体系及农村居民人均纯收入指标,采用1996-2010年农村金融发展与农村居民人均纯收入的统计年鉴数据,经过灰色关联度分析、单位根检验、协整检验、Granger因果检验,结果显示：四川省农民人均纯收入与农村金融发展规模、农村金融发展效率、农村信贷比率、农村投资水平、非农从业人员比例具有长期均衡的协整关系。农村金融发展效率是农村居民纯收入的格兰杰原因,农村居民人均纯收入是农村金融相关率、农村金融发展效率、农村金融信贷比率、农村金融固定资产投资比率的格兰杰原因。农村非农劳动力比例与农民人均纯收入二者均不是对方的格兰杰原因。农村金融发展对农民收入的增加具有显著的正向作用。本文最后在肯定四川省农村金融发展对农民收入促进作用的基础上,给出了对四川省农村金融进一步发展的政策建议：基于全面视角,根据经济发展规律,构建“圈层式”农村金融发展指导规划体系,通过市场机制促进发达地区农村金融发展,以政府为主导引导欠发达地区农村金融发展；健全农村金融服务的政策体系,扩大农村金融规模,实现全省农村金融全覆盖,从全局观念构建合理的农村金融结构,实现机构的相互协作和配合,进一步完善财税的激励和扶持政策；继续加大农村金融创新力度,完善与巩固农村金融创新成果,提供更多适合农村经济发展、农村居民需求的金融产品,多渠道增加农民收入；深入推进农村金融机构改革,加快建立以县为单位的社区银行等多元化新型农村金融机构,扩大农村金融发展规模,增加对“三农”服务的金融机构种类,促进农民收入增长。一方面加大对农村信用社的改革力度,充分发挥农业发展银行的政策性金融支农作用。一方面建立适当的激励约束机制,鼓励商业金融返回农村市场。另一方面加快建立社区银行、村镇银行、农村合作银行等新型农村金融机构,规范引导农村非正规金融的发展,为农村金融引入竞争机制。新型农村金融机构的建立可以打破农村信用社、农业银行等大银行的垄断,以其灵活多变,农民参股的性质与大银行形成竞争,促使农信社等转变服务观念,加快改革步伐,加大对乡镇的金融资源投入,实现乡镇金融机构的全覆盖。竞争机制的引入必然推动整个农村金融机构体系积极主动提升自身服务质量,创新金融产品,增加对农民的金融业务支持,促进城乡金融一体化；此外,政府相关部门应继续完善农村金融监管制度,提高资产质量,防范操作风险；加大金融对农村地区固定资产投资的力度以及转移农村剩余劳动力,促进人力资本进步,多角度提高农民收入。

    The importance of farmers, as the core of Chinese three-dimensional rural issues (concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers), has long been valued by the central governments. To solve the problem of farmer’s income is the first step to settle the problem of farmers.As a large agricultural nation, the rural population of China still owns a large proportion, the problem of farmers’income is still the big problem related to the people’s livelihood.Since2003,the central government has already issued nine "The first file",which all focus on the problem of rural area、 agriculture and farmer, and the "twelfth-five" plan of our country also points out in the second chapter that the primary task for the next five years is to increase farmers’income. Seen from the above, the study of issues concerning farmers’ income has both theoretical and practical significance.Sichuan province, located in southwest China, is a province with large population and big agriculture. Since the policy of reform and opening-up was adopted, Sichuan province has witnessed rapid economic development, with the per-capita net income of farmers is rising year by year. However, by a glimpse of the Sichuan Almanac of recent years, it is found that the increase rate of the per-capita net income of urban citizens exceeds far beyond that of rural people which rises relatively slowly, leaving a broadening urban-and-rural income disparity. Furthermore, farmers’income in Sichuan province is still low, compared with that in developed provinces or cities, like Shanghai city, Zhejiang province and Guangdong province. This is mainly induced by the slow growth of farmers’ income, on which many factors may have impacts, a major one being the rural financial development.The thesis first makes a review of the financial development of Sichuan province from the perspective of the influences of the rural financial development on farmers’income. With the development and improvement of the rural finance in recent years, the rural financial service system of Sichuan has also diversified, with policy finance (the Bank of Agricultural Development, Sichuan branch), commercial finance (all state-owned banks and joint-stock banks), cooperative banks (the rural credit cooperative of Sichuan province) and privately owned finance complementing and prompting each other. There are two notable characteristics:1) the categories of the rural financial institutions are diversified;2) the rural financial service expands around the province. At present, the existing diverse financial service system can basically satisfy the needs of the rural social and economic development.However, there are still some problems existing in the development of Sichuan’s rural finance including, among others, the structural imbalance of rural finance, the unsatisfactory rate of coverage and contentment of financial services, the severe outflow of capital, the overall worrying management status of the financial business related to agricultural and insufficient financial innovation. This thesis has set up the indicator system of rural finance development and the indicator of the average per-capita net income of farmers, adopting the data of rural finance development and average net income from Statistical Yearbook from1996to2010to conduct Grey Relational Analysis, Unit root tests, Cointegration test, and Granger Causality test. The results suggest that the average per-capita net income of farmers in Sichuan has a long-standing even Cointegration relationship with the scale of rural finance development, the efficiency of rural finance development, the ratio of rural credit, the level of rural investment and the ratio of non-farm employees. The efficiency of rural finance development is the Granger cause of the per-capita net income of farmers, the per-capita net income of farmers is the Granger cause of rural Financial Interrelation Ratio, the efficiency of rural finance development, the ratio of rural finance credit and the ratio of rural financial fixed assets investment. The ratio of rural non-farm employees is not the Granger cause of the per-capita net income of farmers, and vice versa. The results also show that the development of rural finance has great positive effects on the increase of farmers’income.Having affirmed the role that the rural financial development of Sichuan province plays in helping increase farmers’income, the thesis provides some policy suggestions on the further development of the rural finance of Sichuan province. Efforts should be made to construct, in accordance with the rules of economic development, a "circling-layering structure" instructing and planning system of the rural financial development from an all-round perspective, promoting the rural financial development of developed regions through market mechanism and that of underdeveloped regions under the guide of government. By completing the policy system of the rural financial service, enlarging the scale of the rural finance and accomplishing the whole country teaming with the rural finance, we strive to construct a reasonable rural financial structure at all respects, achieve the mutual collaboration and cooperation of financial institutions and further improve the encouraging and supporting policies of finance and tax. Further attempts are to be made to strengthen the creativity of the rural finance, improve and reinforce the achievements of the rural financial innovation and provide more financial products that suit the rural economic development and meet the needs of rural residents, with an ultimate goal to increase farmers’income through diverse channels. Furthermore, we should further promote the reform of the rural financial organizations, speed up in building diversified new rural financial organizations such as community banks on county level, increase the types of financial organizations that serve "three-dimensional rural issues" and finally increase farmers’income. On the one hand, we should intensify the reform of Rural Credit Cooperatives to bring the function of supporting the rural areas of the Bank of Agricultural Development’policy finance into full play, by establishing proper incentive and restraint mechanism to encourage commercial finance to return to rural markets. On the other hand, we should speed up the establishment of community bank, village bank, rural cooperative bank and other new pattern rural financial institutions to standardize and guide the development of non-formal rural finance and to bring competition mechanism to rural finance. The establishment of new pattern rural financial institutions may break monopoly of Rural Credit Cooperatives and agricultural banks and, by competing with them as dynamic and farmer stake taking financial institutions, drive them to change their service concepts, accelerate the reform and enlarge the financial investment to villages and towns so that the complete coverage of financial institutions in villages and towns can be realized. The introduction of competition mechanism will duly promote the overall rural financial institution systems to enhance their quality of service voluntarily, to improve financial products innovation, to increase support to farmers’financial business and to promote the integration of rural finance and urban finance. In addition, the relevant government should continue to perfect the supervision system of rural finance, improve the quality of capital, prevent operation risks, reinforce the financial investment of fixed assets to rural areas and transfer surplus labor in agriculture so as to progress human resource development and increase farmers’income from various angles.

        四川省农村金融发展对农民收入的影响研究

摘要4-8Abstract8-111. 绪论14-28    1.1 研究背景14-15    1.2 研究意义15-16    1.3 文献综述16-24        1.3.1 金融发展对经济增长的影响研究16-21        1.3.2 农村金融发展与城乡收入差距的研究21-23        1.3.3 农村金融发展对农民收入的影响研究23-24    1.4 研究内容概览24-25    1.5 研究方法25-26    1.6 本文创新与不足26-28        1.6.1 本文可能的创新26        1.6.2 不足之处26-282. 农村金融发展与农民收入的理论基础28-34    2.1 金融发展理论28-29    2.2 农村金融发展理论29-30        2.2.1 农业融资理论29-30        2.2.2 农村金融市场理论30        2.2.3 不完全竞争市场理论30    2.3 农村金融及农村金融发展内涵界定30-32        2.3.1 农村金融内涵31        2.3.2 农村金融发展内涵31-32    2.4 农民收入理论32-343. 四川省农村金融发展与农民收入现状分析34-54    3.1 四川省近年来农民收入现状研究分析34-43        3.1.1 农民收入相关定义和指标界定34-35        3.1.2 四川省农民收入截面与时序变化35-39        3.1.3 四川省农民收入结构变化分析39-41        3.1.4 四川省城乡居民收入差距41-43    3.2 四川省农村金融发展现状研究43-51        3.2.1 农村金融发展历程演变43-47        3.2.2 四川省农村金融发展当前存在问题47-49        3.2.3 四川省关于农村发展程度的测定49-51    3.3 四川省农村金融发展与农民收入的相互联系51-544. 四川省农村金融发展与农民收入实证分析54-66    4.1 数据来源与指标选取54-55        4.1.1 指标选取54-55        4.1.2 数据来源55    4.2 本文选取的方法55-58    4.3 灰色关联度分析58-61    4.4 协整检验实证分析以及结果讨论61-66        4.4.1 模型建立61        4.4.2 单位根检验(Augmented Dickey-Fuller检验)61-62        4.4.3 EG两步法协整回归分析62-64        4.4.4 格兰杰因果检验64-665. 结论及政策建议66-74    5.1 研究结论66-68    5.2 相关对策建议68-74参考文献74-78后记78-79致谢79-80

  本文关键词：四川省农村金融发展对农民收入的影响研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。