基于机制设计理论下的乡村治理改革研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 20:38

本文关键词： 治理理论乡村治理机制设计理论制度设计　出处：《江西财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为一种新型公共管理理论研究范式,治理理论最早可以追溯于1989年世界银行提出的世界发展报告。乡村治理是治理理论的一种有效实践和应用,它通过"去中心化"、"多主体化"、"多元化参与"、"激励相容"等制度设计手段,在借助市场、层级、网络的结构,使得乡村社会管理达到善治状态。目前国际上较为成功的乡村治理实践多是采用以上方式,如韩国的新村运动、日本的农村再造等。实践证明,治理理论可以在乡村社会管理和改造中取得良好效果,从微观上说,它可以帮助农村贫困家庭和居民改善其基本生活条件,能够有效缓解农村公共品供给紧张状况,同时也能够有效帮助农业企业和乡镇企业不断成长;从宏观上讲,它有利于加快我国和谐社会、小康社会的建设步伐,有利于党的"两个一百年"奋斗目标的早日实现。乡村治理体系参与主体主要包括农户(精英农户、一般农户、贫困农户)、农村治理组织或机构(党的农村基层组织、村委会、农村集体经济组织、农协等)、市场(产品市场、消费市场和就业市场等)、地方政府(省、市、县、乡镇)、中央政府。本文研究认为"三农"问题在很大程度上可以归化为乡村治理问题,"三农"(农村、农业、农民)中的大量问题如:农产品市场供给与居民需求之间结构性矛盾突出;人多地少水缺的矛盾加剧;农业竞争力下降;传统农村社会剧烈转型、农户阶层分化日益显著,新型农村社会文化、农民伦理规范尚未完全形成;农村社会保障体系尚不健全,农村老人、妇女、儿童等最需要得到关注的弱势群体已成为农村的常住居民和农业生产及农村建设的主力军;政府对农村社会的管理体制、乡镇内部的治理机制以及村民自治体制尚不完善;农村群体性事件频发等,这些问题最后都可以归化为乡村治理问题,同时笔者认为以上乡村社会中的这些问题之所以涌现的内在根源也在于我国乡村治理的不成熟。尽管改革开放已将近四十年,但是我国乡村治理仍然处于摸索、试错阶段和地方性试点阶段,还远远没有形成系统、完整、有效、普遍和标准化的乡村治理模式。为此,党的十八大报告提出,"要围绕构建中国特色社会主义管理体系,加快形成党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障的社会管理体制"。这些新提议和新方法、新概念都对我国乡村治理模式的研究和创新提供了新方向和新路径。本文将围绕乡村治理问题展开论述,试图通过理论分析、问题分析、结构分析、制度设计构想等方式探索一套具有实践价值的标准化的乡村治理模式。本文内容设计详细、研究方法多样,主要有:一是对乡村治理的概念、内涵、特征等问题进行了界定和区分(规范分析);二是分析研究了乡村治理中的公共品的社会供给与居民需求之间的结构性矛盾(实证分析);三是对我国乡村治理的概念、范畴和理论框架进行质性分析(定性分析);四是对乡村治理水平、作用机制进行结构和量性研究(定量分析);五是评价分析了我国乡村治理发展现状,探讨了未来一段时期内推进乡村治理发展的政策走向(动态分析)。本研究具有重要的理论及现实意义。在理论上,首先,通过机制设计理论分析中国乡村治理存在的问题的实质和核心,以揭示乡村治理的内在机制和矛盾;其次,有利于国际成熟的乡村治理模式(如韩国的新村运动)的中国化;第三,分析和揭示治理理论在乡村社会发展和改革实践中的作用,为中国农村社会管理和国家治理体系的建设提供了理论和技术支持;第四,跟踪和分析当前学术界关于乡村治理相关研究的最新动态,从而使得本文研究与时俱进,与主流学术界研究接轨;第五,严格界定和区分了乡村治理各参与主体之间的博弈关系。在实践上,第一,利于推行和实践党的农村"精准扶贫"政策;第二,深化乡村治理微观机理和宏观机制研究,有利于加快农村小康社会的建设步伐;第三,提出完善中国乡村治理体系的政策建议,壮大农协等组织的自身力量,使得农协能够更好的发挥其在乡村治理体系中的"鲇鱼效应"。
[Abstract]:As a kind of new public management theory paradigm, governance theory can be traced back to the 1989 World Bank's world development report. The rural governance is an effective and practical application of the theory of governance, it is through the "center", "subject", "diversified participation", "incentive compatibility" system in the design method, with the market level, the structure of the network, make the rural social management of state governance. The successful practice of rural governance is the use of the above methods, such as South Korea's new village movement, Japan's rural reconstruction. Practice proves that the governance theory can achieve good effect in rural social management and transformation in, from the micro level, it can help the rural poor families and residents to improve their basic living conditions, can effectively alleviate the shortage of rural public goods supply, but also can effectively help enterprises and agriculture Township enterprises continue to grow; from a macro perspective, it helps to speed up the harmonious society of our country, the pace of construction of well-off society, is conducive to the early realization of the party's "two one hundred year" goal. Rural governance system participants include farmers (Elite farmers, general households, poor households, rural governance organization) (or organization of rural grassroots organizations, Party committees, rural collective economic organizations, agricultural cooperatives, etc.) market (product market, consumer market and employment market), local governments (provincial, city, county, township and Village), the central government. This paper holds that the "Three Rural" problem can be naturalized as a problem in large rural governance on the "three rural" (agriculture, rural areas and farmers) in a large number of problems such as: between the supply of agricultural products market and residents demand structural contradiction; the contradiction between more people and less land and water shortage; agricultural competitiveness; transformation of traditional rural society, rural order Layer differentiation is increasing, the new rural social culture, farmer ethics has not yet fully formed; the rural social security system is not perfect, the rural elderly, women, children and other vulnerable groups most in need of attention has become rural residents and agricultural production and rural construction of the main force; the government management system of rural society. The internal governance mechanism of township and village self-government system is not perfect; the rural mass incidents, these problems can be finally naturalized as rural governance problems, at the same time I think the above internal cause in rural society, the reason why these problems is also the emergence of rural governance in China is not mature. Although it has been nearly forty years of reform and opening up. But the rural governance in China is still in the exploratory stage, trial and error and local pilot phase, has not formed a complete system, effective, universal and standardization The model of rural governance. Therefore, the eighteen Party Congress, "we should focus on building a socialist China management system, accelerate the formation of the Party leadership, government responsibility, social coordination, public participation, legal protection of social management system. These new proposals and new methods, provides a new direction and a new concept of the new path the rural governance mode of China's research and innovation. This paper will focus on the rural governance issues discussed, trying to through theoretical analysis, problem analysis, structure analysis, to explore a set of practical value of the standard model of rural governance system design idea. This paper detailed design, research methods, mainly: one is the concept of on the connotation of rural governance, and defines the distinguishing features of problems (specification analysis); the two is the analysis of the rural governance in the public goods supply and social demand of the residents. The structural contradiction (empirical analysis); the three is the concept of China's rural governance, qualitative analysis category and theoretical framework (qualitative analysis); the four is on the level of rural governance, studies the structure and amount of mechanism (quantitative analysis); the five is the evaluation and analysis of the status of rural Governance Development in our country, study the next period of time to promote the development of rural governance policies (dynamic analysis). It has important theoretical and practical significance of this study. In theory, firstly, the mechanism design theory to analysis the essence and core are China rural governance problems, in order to reveal the internal mechanism of rural governance and conflict; secondly, to the international mature model of rural governance (such as South Korea's new village movement) of the China; third, analyzing and revealing the governance theory in rural social development and reform practice, for China rural social management and national governance system To provide theoretical and technical support for construction; fourth, tracking and analysis of the current academic research on the latest developments in rural governance, which makes the study times, and mainstream academic research standards; fifth, strictly define and distinguish the rural governance in the game relationship between subjects. First, in practice, to carry out and the practice of the party's rural precision poverty policy; second, study on the micro mechanism and macro mechanism of deepening the rural governance, to accelerate the pace of building a well-off society in rural areas; third, improve the rural governance system China policy recommendations, ACC and other organizations grow their own strength, so that ACC can play its in the rural governance system in the catfish effect better.

【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D422.6

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