我国城市居民最低生活保障制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 06:02

本文关键词： 最低生活保障社会救助法律对策　出处：《新疆财经大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市居民最低生活保障制度是以保障城市居民的基本生活为目的，由政府根据本地的经济社会发展水平和人民生活水平，合理制定当地最低生活保障标准线，政府通过家计调查的方法确定家庭成员的收入，对低于保障标准的部分给于差额补助的一种社会救助制度。1999年10月1日实施《城市居民最低生活保障条例》标志着城市最低生活保障制度走向制度化、法律化的轨道。制度自实施以来在缩小贫富差距，化解社会矛盾、维护社会稳定、保障公民的基本生存权利方面发挥了重要作用。但由于这项制度建立的时间并不长，在制度的设计和具体运行中仍有亟需解决的问题。本文从法律的角度，对城市居民最低生活保障制度的理论和实践进行分析和研究，借鉴国外立法经验，提出对完善我国最低生活保障制度的法律对策，具有一定的现实意义。本文内容及体例安排如下：第一章，城市居民最低生活保障制度的概述。首先界定城市居民最低生活保障制度的概念，其次简要回顾了我国最低生活保障制度的发展和变迁并简析了低保制度建立的意义，在此基础上对城市居民最低生活保障制度的法学理论进行了简要分析，最后以《城市居民最低生活保障条例》为依据，结合地方实践，对低保制度进行简要介绍。第二章，城市居民最低生活保障制度的立法缺陷及完善。首先论述了城市居民最低生活保障制度在立法方面存在的缺陷，其次通过国内外立法经验的对比，建议立法机关在立法时首先明确国家责任理念，进而提升低保制度的立法层次，尽快出台《社会救助法》，完善社会救助法律体系。第三章，城市居民最低生活保障制度中保障标准问题及其解决。首先分析了保障标准在制定时法律依据过于笼统、保障标准制定权主体层次低、保障标准制定权的行使缺少法律规制三个问题，其次提出要明确保障标准与生存权的关系，对城市居民最低生活保障标准进行法制化的完善。第四章，城市居民最低生活保障制度中家计调查问题及其解决。首先针对家计调查程序中调查主体不明确、调查方式缺少有效性的问题进行分析，其次对家计调查程序存在缺陷的原因进行分析，并提出完善家计调查程序的建议。第五章，城市居民最低生活保障制度的深度思考。首先对资金筹集机制中资金负担比例不明确，，缺乏稳定筹资方式进行分析，其次提出通过合理分担筹资比例、多渠道筹集资金、加强资金的监管三个方面完善低保资金筹集机制。
[Abstract]:The minimum living security system for urban residents is to protect the basic life of urban residents, the government according to the local level of economic and social development and people's living standards, reasonable formulation of the local minimum standard of living line. The Government determines the income of family members through household surveys. A social assistance system in which the portion below the security standard is given a differential subsidy. The implementation of the regulations on the minimum living Security of Urban residents in October 1st 1999 marks the institutionalization of the minimum living security system in the city. . Since its implementation, the system has been narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, resolving social contradictions and maintaining social stability. The protection of citizens' basic survival rights has played an important role. However, because the establishment of this system is not long, there are still some problems that need to be solved in the design and operation of the system. This article from the perspective of the law. This paper analyzes and studies the theory and practice of the minimum living security system of urban residents, draws lessons from foreign legislative experience, and puts forward legal countermeasures to perfect the minimum living security system of our country. The content and style of this paper are as follows: The first chapter is an overview of the minimum living security system for urban residents. Firstly, the concept of the minimum living security system for urban residents is defined. Secondly, it briefly reviews the development and changes of the minimum living security system in China, and analyzes the significance of the establishment of the minimum living security system, on the basis of which the legal theory of the minimum living security system for urban residents is briefly analyzed. Finally, based on the regulations on the minimum living security of urban residents and local practice, this paper briefly introduces the system of minimum living security. The second chapter discusses the legislative defects and perfection of the minimum living security system for urban residents. Firstly, it discusses the defects in the legislation of the minimum living security system of urban residents, and then compares the legislative experience at home and abroad. It is suggested that the legislature should first clarify the concept of national responsibility, raise the legislative level of the minimum security system, issue the Social Assistance Law as soon as possible, and perfect the legal system of social assistance. The third chapter, the security standards in the minimum living security system of urban residents and their solutions. First of all, the legal basis of the security standards is too general, and the level of the main body of the right to establish the standards is low. There are three problems in the exercise of the right to ensure the establishment of the standard of living. Secondly, it is proposed that the relationship between the standard of guarantee and the right to life should be clearly defined and the minimum standard of living security for urban residents should be improved by law. Chapter 4th, the urban residents in the minimum living security system of household survey problems and their solutions. First of all, the survey procedures in the survey process is not clear, the lack of effectiveness of the survey methods to analyze the problems. Secondly, it analyzes the reasons of the defects of the family investigation procedure, and puts forward some suggestions to perfect the family investigation procedure. Chapter 5th, the urban residents of the minimum living security system in-depth thinking. First of all, the proportion of capital burden in the fund raising mechanism is not clear, the lack of stable financing methods are analyzed. Secondly, the paper puts forward to improve the mechanism of raising funds by sharing the proportion of raising funds reasonably, raising funds through multiple channels and strengthening the supervision of funds.
【学位授予单位】：新疆财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D632.1

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