马克思主义公平观的发展历程及其当代建设

发布时间：2018-01-21 21:33

本文关键词： 公平观马克思主义公平观发展历程建设　出处：《安徽大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：处在社会转型期的中国,社会公平问题凸显。公平问题既是一个重大的理论问题,又是一个重大的实践问题,是当前理论研究和改革实践中的热点问题。能否有效解决当前中国社会存在的公平问题,直接关系到社会的安定团结大局,关系到小康社会的全面建成,关系到社会主义和谐社会的构建。公平理论是马克思主义理论体系的重要组成部分,虽然马克思主义经典作家没有写过专门的论述公平问题的专著,但不能说马克思主义经典作家没有公平观点,其公平理论散见于他们的理论著作中,认真研究马克思主义经典作家的公平理论是当前学术界的重要使命。事实上,马克思主义理论体系中包含着丰富的公平观点,马克思、恩格斯通过批判资产阶级和各种非科学的错误的公平观,阐述了马克思主义公平观的内容,并且第一次把公平建立在唯物主义历史观的基础之上,实现了公平观的彻底革命,是当今世界唯一科学的公平理论。认真梳理和深入研究马克思、恩格斯的公平观,对于解决当前中国社会中存在的公平问题具有重要的现实意义。马克思、恩格斯的公平观产生于无产阶级斗争的实践,并在批判的继承和发展欧洲古典哲学中的有益成分、空想社会主义者的成果、古典政治经济学的合理成分的基础上,经过了萌芽、发展、成熟三个阶段基础上逐渐发展起来的。马克思、恩格斯的公平观包含着丰富的内容,文中从六个方面对其进行了阐述,具体包括：马克思、恩格斯公平观的内涵；马克思、恩格斯对资本主义公平问题的分析；马克思、恩格斯对未来社会公平问题的研究；马克思、恩格斯研究公平问题的方法论；马克思、恩格斯公平观的基本特征；马克思、恩格斯公平观的当代价值。马克思和恩格斯指出,公平是具体的,相对的,具有阶级性的,不同的阶级、不同的社会有不同的公平观,永恒不变的公平观是不存在的。公平根源于人们的物质生产实践,公平的内容随生产实践的发展而变化。社会公平的最终目标是实现共产主义社会,并且指出了实现共产主义社会的条件和途径。生产力的发展是实现社会公平的物质基础。消灭阶级是实现社会公平的重要途径。生产资料公有制是实现社会公平的重要保障。资本主义公平和社会主义公平都是形式上公平而实际不公平,但两者之间有着本质的不同。十月革命的胜利,社会主义由理想变成了现实。在新的历史条件下,列宁结合苏联社会主义实践,提出了一些新的理论观点,丰富和发展了马克思主义公平观的内容。中国共产党人把马克思主义公平观与中国社会实际相结合,大大丰富和发展了马克思主义公平观的内容,形成了中国特色的社会主义公平观。中国共产党人的公平观,主要体现在毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民和胡锦涛的相关著作、讲话和决议中,提出的一系列新观点,丰富和发展了马克思主义的公平观。在马克思主义公平观的指导下,借鉴西方公平理论研究中的有益成果,立足于新时期中国特色社会主义实践韵基础之上,发展完善中国特色社会主义公平观。发展完善中国特色社会主义公平观的基本原则是权利和义务相一致原则和公平与效率相统一原则。中国特色社会主义公平观的发展完善,具体从经济领域,政治领域和文化领域来进行。经济公平观的发展完善主要从机会公平,规则公平,分配公平,社会调剂等方面来进行。政治公平观的发展完善主要从权利平等,民主政治,法治建设等方面来进行。文化公平观的发展完善主要从教育公平,树立正确的公平理念等方面来进行。最后论文分析了当代中国公平建设取得的主要成就,存在的问题及其原因,解决问题的对策。当代中国存在的不公平现象有：收入分配不公、教育不公、医疗资源分配不公、就业不公、代际之间不公、弱势群体利益得不到维护。当代中国存在不公平现象的原因有：政策执行中的偏差、各地区之间发展先天条件差异、转型期利益驱动、体制弊端。解决当代中国不公平现象的对策有：大力发展生产力、推进民主政治建设、加快法治建设、建立完善的城乡社会保障体系、加强生态文明建设。
[Abstract]:In the social transition period Chinese, highlighting the issues of social justice. Justice is not only an important theoretical problem, but also is a major practical problem, is the hot issue in theory research and reform practice. Can effectively solve the fairness problem of current Chinese social existence, is directly related to social stability and unity of the relationship. To build a well-off society in an all-round relationship, to build a socialist harmonious society. Equity theory is an important part of Marx theory, although Marx and Engels did not write on the fairness of specialized monographs, but can not say that Marx and Engels no equity point of view, the theory of fairness in the theory of their works in the equity theory to study Marx Engels is an important mission of the academic circles. In fact, Marx's theory of body The Department contains a fair view, rich Marx, Engels criticized the bourgeois and non scientific wrong concept of fairness, expounds the content of Marx's view of justice, and for the first time, the fair is based on historical materialism, to achieve a complete revolution of justice theory, justice theory in the world only scientific. Careful and thorough study of Marx, Engels's view of justice, has important practical significance to solve the problems existing in the current Chinese fair society. Marx, Engels's justice practice in the struggle of the proletariat, and beneficial elements in the inheritance and development of European classical philosophical criticism of utopian socialist based on results, the reasonable composition of classical political economics on after germination, development and maturity of the three stages on the basis of Marx gradually developed, Engels's perspective contains rich content, from the six aspects of it are described, including: Marx, the connotation of the fair view of Engels; Marx, Engels analysis of capitalist fairness; Marx, Engels on the future of social fairness problem; Marx, Engels on the fairness of the method Marx, the basic characteristics of Justice; Engels; Marx, the contemporary value of Engels's fair view. It is pointed out that Marx and Engels, justice is specific, relative, with class, different classes, different societies have different concept of fairness, eternal justice does not exist. Justice is rooted in the practice material production people, fair content varies with the development of the practice. The ultimate goal of social justice is the realization of communism, and points out that the realization of communism The conditions and ways of social. The development of productivity is the material basis for the realization of social fairness. Eliminate class is an important way to realize social fairness. Public ownership is an important guarantee for the realization of social fairness. Fairness and social fairness is the capitalist form of fair and unfair practice, but they are essentially different. The victory of the October revolution, socialist ideal into reality. In the new historical conditions, Lenin combined with the Soviet socialist practice, put forward some new theories, to enrich and develop Marx's concept of justice. Chinese Communists to Marx's concept of fairness combined with Chinese social reality, greatly enrich and develop the Marx doctrine of fairness, justice China formed a socialist party. China fair view, mainly reflected in Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao's writings, speeches and resolutions, put forward a series of new ideas, enrich and develop Marx's view of justice. In view of fairness under the guidance of the Marx doctrine, draws lessons from the theory of Western fair in the new period, based on the above Chinese socialist practice foundation, development and perfection China characteristic socialism justice. Basic principles developed Chinese characteristic socialism justice is the rights and obligations of the principle of the unity and unification of fairness and efficiency principle. The development of socialist concept of justice Chinese features perfect, specifically from the economy, politics and culture fields. The development of economy of perfect fairness mainly from the fair opportunity the rules, fairness, distributive justice, social relief and other aspects. The development of political equity concept, mainly from the perfect equality of rights, democratic politics, The construction of rule of law to the development of culture perfect fairness. Mainly from the education fair, to establish the correct concept of justice and other aspects. Finally, this paper analyzes the main achievements of contemporary China fair construction, existing problems and causes, countermeasures to solve the problem. When there China generation unfair income distribution: injustice, unfairness in education, unfair distribution of medical resources, unfair employment, inequality between generations, the interests of vulnerable groups can not be maintained. Reasons for the existence of unfair phenomenon in contemporary China are: the deviation in policy implementation, the development of the congenital condition differences between areas of interest drive, transition strategies to solve the system defects. The Chinese unfair phenomenon are: vigorously developing the productive forces, promote democratic political construction, accelerate the construction of rule of law, establish a comprehensive social security system, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：A811

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