武汉市城市化进程中流动人口贫困问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 15:18

本文关键词： 武汉市城市化进程流动人口贫困问题　出处：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：笔者通过认真研读国内外对武汉市流动人口贫困问题的相关理论、成果等,从人力资本理论视角,精心设计调查问卷,亲自深入调研、个案访谈,较深入全面探析了武汉市流动人口贫困的现状,与导致贫困的社会深层原因,并提出了从根本上解决问题的建议性对策。武汉市流动贫困人口现状为:(1)工作收入不稳定。他们遭城市排斥、歧视,从事的多是苦、累、险、工资低的岗位,自身文化程度不高,不满城市、单位倾向喜好跳槽,企业为最大化降低成本、提高效益不断更换员工。(2)难以有效维护权益。他们文化综合素质不高,缺乏维权的专业知识、强烈意识,又遭城市排斥、歧视。(3)生活环境差,被排斥在社会保障体系外。他们在住房、家电、饮食等内在的生活环境上,与住地所在社区的建筑、物业的外在环境上都较差。武汉市流动人口陷入贫困的社会深层原因是:(1)工业化、城市化进程。二者相因相生。改革开放前,工业化发展缓慢,城市化率低,改革开放后,工业化进程加快,但城市化进程缓慢,远低于发达国家同阶段工业化进程的城市化率,城市积累了从历史到现在的大量的未能转化成真正市民的农民工。(2)城市贫富差距加大。由于城乡二元结构,竞争不公正,市场机制、社会制度等不完善,致中国的基尼系数约0.5,排在世界前列。贫富差距在城市主要表现为流动人口与城市户籍当地市民。(3)户籍制度、社会保障制度的缺失。户籍制度是导致武汉市流动人口贫困的一个最根本性原因,所有对农民工等农民不公正的歧视全附着于户籍,社会保障制度亦分为不公正的城镇、农村两套体系,致农民工在城市享受不到应得的城镇保障体系待遇。最后,笔者就如何解决武汉市流动人口贫困问题提出了自己的治理对策——明确贫困理念是前提、完善各项制度是根本、纳入均等化服务是保障。
[Abstract]:Through a careful study of the domestic and foreign floating population poverty related theories, results, from the perspective of human capital theory, carefully designed questionnaires, personally in-depth investigation, case interviews. Deeply and comprehensively analyzes the current situation of the floating population poverty in Wuhan, and the deep social causes leading to poverty. At the same time, the author puts forward some suggestions to solve the problem fundamentally. The current situation of the floating poor population in Wuhan is: 1) the work income is unstable. They are excluded from the city, discriminated, engaged in suffering, tired, dangerous. The low salary position, own education level is not high, dissatisfied with the city, the unit inclines to like to change jobs, the enterprise reduces the cost in order to maximize. It is difficult for them to maintain their rights and interests effectively. They lack the professional knowledge of protecting their rights and interests, lack the professional knowledge of protecting their rights, have strong consciousness, are excluded by the city, and discriminate against. 3) the living environment is poor. They are excluded from the social security system. They live in housing, household appliances, food, and other living environments, with the building of the community in which they live. The deep social causes of the floating population in Wuhan are: 1) industrialization and urbanization. The two are related to each other. Before the reform and opening up, industrialization developed slowly. The urbanization rate is low, after the reform and opening up, the industrialization process speeds up, but the urbanization process is slow, which is far lower than the urbanization rate of the developed countries at the same stage of the industrialization process. Cities have accumulated a large number of migrant workers who have not been transformed into real citizens from history to the present. (2) the gap between the rich and the poor in urban and rural areas has widened. Due to the dual structure of urban and rural areas, unfair competition, market mechanism, social system and so on is not perfect. The Gini coefficient of China is about 0.5, ranking first in the world. The gap between the rich and the poor is mainly manifested in the floating population and the urban household registration system. The lack of social security system. Household registration system is one of the most fundamental reasons leading to the poverty of floating population in Wuhan, all the unfair discrimination against peasant workers and other farmers is attached to the household registration. Social security system is also divided into unfair cities and towns, rural two sets of systems, so that migrant workers in the city can not enjoy the urban security system treatment. Finally. The author puts forward his own countermeasures on how to solve the poverty problem of floating population in Wuhan. It is the premise to make clear the concept of poverty, the fundamental is to perfect every system, and the guarantee is to include equal service.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：C924.24

【参考文献】