关于福利依赖问题的最低生活保障制度与就业联动机制研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 08:01

本文关键词： 最低生活保障制度福利依赖就业联动机制　出处：《重庆理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：最低生活保障制度作为我国社会救助制度的重要组成部分,其设立的初衷就是为了能够帮助人们摆脱贫困,切实保障其基本生活水平,因此最低生活保障制度也常常被看成是社会保障制度的最后一张安全网,是社会救助制度的基础和核心。自1993年实施最低生活保障制度以来,我国投入了大量的财力和物力,保障的人数和范围也在不断的扩大,为了努力实现“应保尽保”的目标,部分有劳动能力的低收入人群及其家庭也纳入了低保救助对象的范围,这一系列的变化在一定程度上保障了居民的基本生存权利,使那些能力较低或者没有劳动能力的人不至于因为贫困而无法生存,但是这种对“应保尽保”目标的追逐在一定程度上导致了最低生活保障的膨胀。随着经济的发展,隐性就业、隐性收入逐渐显现并有所增多,另外由于我国最低生活保障制度自身设计的缺陷,造成社会上出现了大量的低保养懒汉、人情低保等“福利依赖”问题频发,这种现象不仅造成了劳动力资源的浪费,加重了政府的财政负担,而且还在一定程度上致使那些真正需要“低保”的人群享受不到应有的待遇和保障,这大大地影响了社会公平和效率,进一步加剧了社会矛盾,所以最低生活保障制度带来的福利依赖问题需要及时解决。福利依赖问题的出现反映了一些社会现实问题和我国社保制度的设计缺陷,一方面一些有劳动能力的人由于得不到合适的工作,没有经济收入,只能依赖国家的救济来维持基本生活,另一方面,由于低保制度缺乏监管和退出机制,一部分人通过特殊的方法进入“低保”救助领域,获得更多医疗、卫生、教育、住房等相关的福利优惠,占用低保名额;所以解决福利依赖问题,应该着眼于最低生活保障制度的本身,剔除最低生活保障制度设计的弊端,分化最低生活保障的附加福利,加强监管职能,保障切实需要低保救助人群的切身利益,为那些有劳动能力的低保人群解决就业问题等。本研究将依托最低生活保障制度与福利依赖等相关理论,在前人研究的基础上,分析我国最低生活保障制度的发展历程和福利依赖问题的表现以及成因,通过运用统计年鉴、文献收集到的有用数据,对最低生活保障制度对就业的影响进行实证分析,讨论最低生活保障制度相关因素对就业的实际影响,再结合国外解决福利依赖问题的经验,吸取有利信息,最后,通过建立最低生活保障制度与就业之间的联动机制从各个方面解决福利依赖问题,并提出相关的措施和建议。
[Abstract]:As an important part of our social assistance system, the minimum living security system was set up in order to help people out of poverty and ensure their basic standard of living. Therefore, the minimum living security system is often regarded as the last safety net of the social security system and the foundation and core of the social assistance system. Since the implementation of the minimum living security system in 1993, our country has invested a lot of financial and material resources. The number and scope of guarantees are also constantly expanding. In order to strive to achieve the goal of "should be insured," some low-income people with working ability and their families have also been included in the scope of the minimum allowance recipients. To some extent, this series of changes has guaranteed the residents' basic right to live so that those who are less able or unable to work will not be unable to survive because of poverty. However, this pursuit of the goal of "guaranteed to the fullest extent" has led to the expansion of minimum living security to a certain extent. With the development of the economy, recessive employment, recessive income has gradually appeared and increased. In addition, due to the defects in the design of our minimum living security system itself, there have been a large number of "welfare dependence" problems such as low maintenance lazy people and low human security in the society. This phenomenon has not only resulted in the waste of labor resources, It has increased the financial burden on the Government and, to a certain extent, deprived those who really need a "minimum living standard" of the treatment and protection they deserve, which has greatly affected social equity and efficiency and further exacerbated social contradictions. Therefore, the problem of welfare dependence brought about by the minimum living security system needs to be solved in time. The emergence of welfare dependency problems reflects some social reality problems and the design defects of our social security system. On the one hand, some people who have the ability to work are unable to get a suitable job and have no economic income, so they have to rely on state relief to support their basic livelihood. On the other hand, because of the lack of supervision and exit mechanisms in the minimum security system, Some people enter the field of "minimum subsistence" assistance through special methods, get more benefits such as medical care, health, education, housing and other related welfare benefits, and occupy minimum insured places. So, we can solve the problem of welfare dependence. We should focus on the minimum living security system itself, eliminate the drawbacks of the design of the minimum living security system, divide the additional benefits of the minimum living security system, strengthen the supervisory function, and safeguard the vital interests of the people who really need to be assisted by the minimum living security system. This study will rely on the relevant theories, such as minimum living security system and welfare dependence, on the basis of previous studies. This paper analyzes the development course of the minimum living security system in China and the performance and causes of welfare dependence. By using the useful data collected in the statistical yearbooks, the paper makes an empirical analysis of the impact of the minimum living security system on employment. To discuss the actual impact of the relevant factors of the minimum living security system on employment, and then combine the experience of foreign countries to solve the problem of welfare dependence, and draw on the favorable information. Finally, Through establishing the linkage mechanism between the minimum living security system and employment, the problem of welfare dependence is solved from various aspects, and the relevant measures and suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.1

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