土地财政与新型城镇化发展的关系研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 10:25

本文关键词： 土地财政新型城镇化空间计量　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城镇化是伴随工业化发展,非农产业及农村人口向城镇集聚的过程,是现代化的重要标志。2014年,政府推出国家新型城镇化规划(2014-2020年)指导了未来中国城镇化建设的发展目标及方向,合理实现土地需求的城市化。首先,要兼具优劣地看待土地财政的问题,一方面看到依靠土地财政支撑地方城镇化发展的风险及不可持续性,有可能造成产业结构的失调及政府官员腐败,这是土地财政负面性作用;另一方面,作为地方政府财政收入的重要组成部分,土地财政这笔预算外收入为地区城镇化的建设提供了必要的资金支持。其次,新型城镇化建设是一个综合多重维度的系统工程,涵盖公共服务及基础设施建设,产业结构合理配备,创造更多就业岗位等。最后新型城镇化的发展有助于土地财政问题的优化。譬如社会保障和就业的补偿性供给能够在后期弥补地方财政缺口,能够抑制土地财政负面的影响性。此外,可持续发展的新型城镇化建设要结合土地财政的地区差异,因地制宜的引导土地财政积极正向的发展,降低负面影响,以期更有效的支持我国新型城镇化的发展。为了进一步研究土地财政与新型城镇化发展的关系,本文选取2004-2015年全国31个省的省际数据,从空间计量视角研究各省土地财政的空间分布及土地财政与新型城镇化的发展的关系。实证发现:(1)各省份土地财政水平存在明显的区域差异。(2)人均教育支出、人均社会保障及就业支出与土地出让金收入呈现显著正相关关系,失业率与土地财政则为显著的负相关关系。(3)在新型城镇化的建设过程中,一方面肯定土地财政对新型城镇化有着积极的支持作用,另一方面,新型城镇化的建设也在改善土地财政的负面效应。结合以上实证发现,提出政策建议如下:(1)综合地区土地财政及新型城镇化程度差异,在政策制定时切勿一刀切,而是重视实地调研及关注地区间的联动效应,比如打造京津冀生活圈等统筹建设对相邻省份的带动作用。在城镇化水平较低的省份,可以通过深挖财政收入来源的结构,促进本地区的产业结构均衡发展,为地方政府收入开拓新的路径。(2)新型城镇化建设中要关注公共服务投入,以便能够有效的减轻地区土地财政负担。重新制定公共服务配套城乡一体化与社会保障支撑一体化政策支持新型城镇化建设。虽然短期来看,公共服务供给及就业,教育支出给地方政府造成了显著的财政压力,但是从长期来看,相关支出具备财政收入的财源扩充效应。(3)完善土地收益分配机制,有助于缓解土地财政带来的一系列负面的问题。比如土地违法案件的发生使农民利益受到损失,地方政府官员利用职位便利为自己谋利。因而建立灵活又完善的农业用地补偿机制,有利于推动土地资源利益在国家,政府和农民之间合理的分配。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is the process of agglomeration of non-agricultural industry and rural population into cities and towns with the development of industrialization. It is an important symbol of modernization. In 2014, The government has introduced the new national urbanization plan 2014-2020), which has guided the development objectives and direction of China's urbanization construction in the future, and reasonably realized the urbanization of land demand. First, we should look at the land finance problem both in terms of advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, we can see that the risk and unsustainability of relying on land finance to support the development of local urbanization may lead to the imbalance of industrial structure and corruption of government officials, which is a negative role of land finance; on the other hand, As an important part of local government revenue, the extra-budgetary income of land finance provides necessary financial support for the construction of regional urbanization. Secondly, the construction of new urbanization is a comprehensive and multi-dimensional system engineering. Covering the construction of public services and infrastructure, reasonable industrial structure, Finally, the development of new urbanization contributes to the optimization of land finance problems. For example, the compensatory supply of social security and employment can make up for the local financial gap at a later stage. In addition, the new urbanization construction of sustainable development should combine the regional differences of land finance, guide the positive development of land finance according to local conditions, and reduce the negative impact. In order to more effectively support the development of new urbanization in China. In order to further study the relationship between land finance and the development of new urbanization, this paper selects the data of 31 provinces in China from 2004 to 2015. The spatial distribution of land finance and the relationship between land finance and the development of new urbanization are studied from the perspective of spatial measurement. There is a significant positive correlation between social security and employment expenditure per capita and income from land sales, and a negative correlation between unemployment rate and land finance, and a significant negative correlation between unemployment and land finance. (3) in the process of the construction of new urbanization, there is a significant negative correlation between the unemployment rate and land finance. On the one hand, it affirms that land finance has a positive supporting role to new urbanization, on the other hand, the construction of new urbanization is also improving the negative effect of land finance. The policy recommendations are as follows: (1) the differences in land finance and new types of urbanization in the integrated areas should not be one-size-fits-all in policy formulation, but emphasis should be placed on field research and attention to the linkage effect between different regions. For example, the overall construction of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei living circle has a driving effect on the neighboring provinces. In the provinces with low urbanization level, we can promote the balanced development of the industrial structure of our region by digging deep into the structure of the sources of fiscal revenue. To open up a new path for local government revenue. (2) attention should be paid to the input of public services in the construction of new urbanization. In order to effectively lighten the financial burden on regional land. To reformulate the policy of integration of urban and rural areas and social security support for public services to support the construction of new urbanization. Although in the short term, the supply of public services and employment, Education expenditure has brought significant financial pressure to local governments, but in the long run, the related expenditure has the effect of increasing the financial resources of fiscal revenue. It helps to alleviate a series of negative problems brought about by land finance, such as the loss of farmers' interests caused by the occurrence of illegal land cases, Therefore the establishment of flexible and perfect compensation mechanism for agricultural land will help to promote the rational distribution of land resources interests among the country the government and the farmers.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F812;F299.21

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