雇员过度劳动成因研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 17:18

本文关键词： 过度劳动成因输入-输出模型　出处：《天津财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的高速发展,在激烈的市场竞争中,企业为获得更高的利润,常常以牺牲雇员的身体健康为代价,"过度劳动"和"过劳死"等词汇进入人们的视野。雇员迫于生活的压力及对人生目标的更高追求,常常会选择超时工作,同样引发了过度劳动问题。过劳对雇员的身心健康及企业劳动关系都会产生危害,从长期看也会损害企业效率,对中国企业雇员过劳成因的研究具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。文章通过对当前我国企业雇员劳动状况的分析,列举了一些"过劳死"的极端案例,认为过度劳动在中国企业雇员当中普遍存在。通过对国内外有关过度劳动研究相关文献的梳理,发现对于过度劳动问题的研究日本最为成熟,其他各国则存在差异。国内的研究主要集中在过度劳动的定义、影响、成因、对策等方面,但成因分析大多缺乏数据支持,在理论模型和实证检验方面还处在起步状态,过劳形成过程解释不清晰。文章主要对过度劳动的定义和原因进行归纳和重新梳理,对雇员过度劳动进行测量。通过对麦克莱兰的需要理论、剩余价值理论、双因素激励理论、劳动市场信号发送理论、奥肯收入不平等理论进行比较分析,文章从理论上分析了雇员过度劳动的成因。雇员的过度劳动属于劳动关系系统中的一个子系统,文章借鉴邓洛普等劳动关系系统模型,分析过度劳动的环境因素和个人因素,以及各种因素之间的相互作用,建立了雇员过度劳动的"输入-输出"模型。最后,文章以天津市企业为例,做了企业雇员工作状况的问卷调查,通过统计分析中国企业雇员过劳的影响因素,得出雇员的经济动机、生存压力和勤劳拼搏精神等主动过劳因素对雇员过劳产生正向影响;企业的绩效考核制度和加班文化等被动过劳因素对雇员过劳产生正向影响;工会能力的提高、体育锻炼的增加、法律意识的增强对雇员过劳产生减缓的作用。随后,在此基础上,提出了依法维护雇员基本权利,完善社会保障体系,加强劳动道德伦理建设,合理利用人力资源管理技术等解决过度劳动的政策建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid economic development of our country, in the fierce market competition, enterprises in order to obtain higher profits, Often at the expense of employees' physical health, words such as "overwork" and "overwork" come into view. Employees often work overtime because of the pressure of life and the higher pursuit of life goals. It also causes excessive labor problems. Overwork will harm employees' physical and mental health and the labor relations of enterprises, and in the long run it will also damage the efficiency of enterprises. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the causes of overwork of employees in Chinese enterprises. Through the analysis of the labor situation of employees in Chinese enterprises at present, this paper lists some extreme cases of "overwork death". It is considered that excessive labor is common among employees in Chinese enterprises. By combing the relevant literature on the study of overwork at home and abroad, it is found that the study of overwork in Japan is the most mature. Other countries are different. Domestic research mainly focuses on the definition of excessive labor, influence, causes, countermeasures and so on, but most of the cause analysis is lack of data support, in theoretical models and empirical testing is still in its infancy. The definition and causes of overwork are summarized and reorganized, and the overwork of employees is measured. Through the theory of Mcclelland's need, the theory of surplus value, the theory of two-factor incentive, The labor market signaling theory and Okun's income inequality theory are compared and analyzed. This paper theoretically analyzes the causes of employees' overwork. The excessive labor of employees belongs to a subsystem of the labor relations system. Using Dunlop and other labor relation system models for reference, this paper analyzes the environmental and personal factors of excessive labor, and the interaction between various factors, and establishes the "input-output" model of employees' overwork. Taking Tianjin enterprises as an example, this paper makes a questionnaire survey on the working conditions of employees in enterprises, and through statistical analysis of the influencing factors of overwork of employees in Chinese enterprises, obtains the economic motives of employees. Active overwork factors such as survival pressure and hard-working spirit have a positive impact on employees' overwork; passive overwork factors such as enterprise performance appraisal system and overtime culture have a positive impact on employees' overwork; The increase of physical exercise and the enhancement of legal consciousness can slow down the overwork of employees. Then, on the basis of this, the author puts forward that the basic rights of employees should be safeguarded according to law, the social security system should be perfected, and the construction of labor morality and ethics should be strengthened. Rational use of human resources management techniques and other solutions to excessive labor policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F249.2

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