基于财政分权和土地财政视角诠释中国城乡收入差距

发布时间：2018-03-04 08:24

本文选题：城乡收入差距　切入点：土地财政　出处：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：发展中国家普遍存在着收入差距过大的问题,但是在中国这个问题尤其显著。由于长期的历史、制度和政策因素,中国的城市和农村是高度隔离的,改革开放初期城乡收入差距已经高达2.5倍左右,如此巨大的城乡收入差距对于一个社会主义国家来说是不可思议的,也是居民和政府难以接受的。虽然政府自改革开放以来采取了多项措施,但是城乡收入差距却在持续扩大,尤其是从1997年开始。本文主要分析了我国1997年以来的城乡收入差距持续扩大,以及2003年以来缩小城乡收入差距的各种惠农政策效果不明显的原因,通过从财政分权和土地财政两个角度对我国的城乡收入差距影响的实证分析,进而厘清和揭示自1997年以来我国城乡收入差距不断扩大的原因。本文首先构建了财政分权和土地财政对中国城乡收入差距影响的理论框架,然后梳理和总结了财政分权和土地财政对城乡收入差距起作用的机制。在此基础上,本文通过利用2004-2011年我国31个省市的面板数据进行实证分析,面板回归模型的估计结果表明:在样本期间,财政分权对中国的城乡收入差距拉大有着重要作用,土地财政政策不仅具有对城乡收入差距拉大的直接影响效应,而且能够与财政分权共同作用拉大城镇和乡村收入差距的间接效应。进一步的,本文利用计算的MI值分析我国各省份城乡收入差距的空间相关性和关联度,建立空间面板模型进行实证研究,研究发现基于空间面板数据模型的回归解释能力显著高于传统的非空间面板模型,空间滞后项的系数是显著为正的,这反映了城乡收入差距的空间效应确实存在。空间计量模型估计结果和传统的模型估计结果都是一致的,但是传统的面板模型的对土地财政的间接效应估计结果是有偏的且不一致的,并且高估了土地财政政策的间接效应。通过分析发现财政分权、土地财政、提高工业化水平,城乡收入差距越大,推进城镇化有利于降低城乡收入差距水平。为了缩小城乡收入差距,必须进行财税改革与土地制度,减少地方政府对土地财政的依赖,增加对农村教育、医疗、社会保障等方面投入。
[Abstract]:The developing countries generally exist the problem of income gap, but in this matter Chinese especially significant. Due to the long history, institutional and policy factors, city and rural China is highly isolated, the beginning of reform and opening up the urban-rural income gap has reached about 2.5 times, such a huge income gap between urban and rural is unbelievable for a the socialist countries, but also the residents and the government to accept. Although the government has taken a number of measures since the reform and opening up, but continued to expand the urban-rural income gap is in, especially from the beginning of 1997. This paper mainly analyzes the continuous expansion of China's income gap between urban and rural areas since 1997, and since 2003 the income gap between urban and rural areas of various the policy effect is not obvious, the impact on the urban-rural income gap in China from two aspects of fiscal decentralization and the land finance Certificate of analysis, and then clarify and reveal the reasons since 1997 China's urban-rural income gap is widening. This paper constructs the theoretical framework of fiscal decentralization and Land Finance on the income gap between urban and rural areas Chinese, then summarizes the fiscal decentralization and Land Finance on the income gap between urban and rural areas play a role in the mechanism. On this basis, this paper analysis by using panel data of 2004-2011 years of China's 31 provinces and cities, to estimate the panel regression model shows that: in the sample period, the fiscal decentralization of Chinese the urban-rural income gap has an important role in land finance policy not only has direct effect on the widening income gap between urban and rural areas, but also the indirect effect and the interaction of fiscal decentralization in widening income gap between town and country. Further, the calculated MI value analysis of the income gap between urban and rural provinces in China The spatial correlation and the correlation degree, establish the spatial panel model for empirical research, the study found that the spatial panel data regression model based on the explanatory power was significantly higher than that of the traditional spatial panel model, the spatial lag coefficient is significantly positive, which reflects the urban-rural income difference from the spatial effect does exist. The spatial econometric model and estimation results the traditional model estimation results are consistent, but the traditional panel model to estimate the indirect effect of the land finance is biased and inconsistent, and overestimate the indirect effects of land finance policy. Through the analysis of fiscal decentralization, land finance, improve the level of industrialization, the greater the income gap between urban and rural areas, promote urbanization it is beneficial to reduce the income gap between urban and rural level. In order to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, must carry on the tax reform and land system, reduce local government land Financial dependence on rural education, medical care, social security and other aspects of investment.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F124.7;F812.2

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