转型期中国农村养老问题的伦理思考

发布时间：2018-03-10 19:37

本文选题：中国农村　切入点：养老　出处：《南京师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：进入20世纪,我国迈入人口老龄化社会,养老成为中国社会亟待解决的热点问题。与其他大多数老龄化国家不同的是,我国在“未富”的情况下先进入了老龄社会,而且城乡老龄化程度呈现“倒置”状态,即我国农村老龄化程度远高于城市。可以说,能否成功解决我国养老问题的关键在于能否成功解决农村养老问题。诸多事实证明,中国绝大多数农村老年人无法脱离家庭养老。“谁来养”、“如何养”、“怎样算是养得好”等诸多问题难以通过法律或者经济手段解决,其原因在于,中国养老的背后隐含着深厚的伦理根源。因此,从伦理角度探究转型期中国农村养老问题的解决路径具有极高的学术价值和现实意义。在中国传统社会,家庭养老几乎是唯一的养老模式,有其稳定的伦理文化内涵和作为外在规范的“养老之礼”。传统家庭养老模式与当时的社会环境存在必然联系,展现出显著的伦理特征。血亲价值伦理的核心地位,以孝道为基础的传统伦理道德规范的有力束缚,是传统家庭养老模式稳定存续的根源动力。随着经济社会的发展,尤其是改革开放以来,传统家庭养老受到挑战,而新型养老模式又出现“水土不服”。经济发展与文化发展的不同步,人口结构的变化,尤其是长期以来实行二元发展政策所带来的城乡巨大差异造成了当前各类养老模式的发展困境,其背后是农村家庭伦理、伦理共同体、道德评价等伦理关系变化的深刻影响。经济发展、资源的有效合理配置是解决养老问题的物质保障。从伦理视角看,解决当前农村养老问题的具体路径包括：一是破解城乡二元经济结构,实现城乡共同发展的公平正义。要关注农村经济发展,实现农村人口就业公平；加快户籍制度改革进程,实现公民身份平等；加大农村医疗投入,实现农村养老就医公平。二是完善社会保障体系,为农村养老提供有效的制度保障。要实现农村社会养老保障制度的全覆盖,优先解决农村弱势群体养老问题,并构建农村公共服务体系。三是加强农村道德建设,为农村养老提供新型伦理导向。要继承和弘扬中华传统家庭美德,协调夫妻伦理关系,构建新型社区伦理共同体,从而为农村家庭养老提供有效的伦理引导。
[Abstract]:In twentieth Century, China entered the aging society, pension has become a hot issue in China society needs to be solved. Unlike most other aging countries, our country in the "rich" case first entered into the aging society, the aging degree of urban and rural "inverted" state, China's rural population aging far above the city. It can be said that the key to the success of solving the pension problem in China is to successfully solve the problem of rural old-age. Many facts prove that Chinese most of the rural elderly can not be divorced from the family pension. "Who support", "how to support", "what is a good many problems such as difficult to pass legal or economic means, the reason is that behind the China pension implies profound ethical roots. Therefore, to solve the transition Chinese explore the path of the rural old-age problem from the perspective of ethics is very High academic value and practical significance. China in traditional society, the family pension is almost the only pension model, with its stable ethics and cultural connotation as the external standard "retirement ceremony." inevitable relations between the traditional family pension mode and the social environment, showing the characteristics of ethics. The core value of blood significantly the ethics of filial piety, as the basis of the traditional ethics of the strong bound, is the source of power of traditional family pension mode stable existence. With the development of economy and society, especially since the reform and opening up, the traditional family pension is challenged, and the new pension model and the emergence of "economic development is not synchronized. The climate does not suit one." and cultural development and the change of the population structure, especially in urban and rural areas great differences in long-term practice of the development of two yuan policy brought about by the development of various types of pension model dilemma, the Behind the rural family ethics, ethical community, deeply influence the moral evaluation of the ethical relationship changes. The economic development, the rational allocation of resources is the effective solution to the problem of material security. From the ethical perspective, including the specific path to solve the rural old-age problem: one is to break the urban and rural economic structure of two yuan in urban and rural areas, to achieve fairness and justice in common the development of rural economy. To pay attention to the development of rural population, employment equity; speeding up the process of reform of household registration system, realize the equality of citizen identity; increase investment in rural health, rural old-age medical care justice. The two is to improve the social security system, to provide effective protection for the system of rural pension. In order to achieve full coverage of rural social old-age security system first, to solve the rural old-age problem of vulnerable groups, and the construction of rural public service system. The three is to strengthen the moral construction in rural areas, rural old-age. For the new ethical orientation, we must inherit and carry forward the traditional Chinese family virtues, coordinate the ethical relationship between husband and wife, and build a new community ethics community, so as to provide effective ethical guidance for the rural family pension.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B823.1

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