中国特色城市养老模式研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 03:28

本文选题：人口老龄化　切入点：养老模式　出处：《石家庄铁道大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人口老龄化是一个世界性课题,中国人口老龄化来势更加凶猛。在我国未富先老、未备先老的大背景下,必须思考构建符合我国国情的养老模式。城市养老是社会养老体系的重要组成部分,是一个国家进行养老实践的“先驱动力”因子。当前,在我国城市中,“四二一”型家庭和空巢家庭日益增多,失独家庭也层出不穷,这致使家庭养老功能不断被削弱。在这种险峻的形势下,构建一个什么样的城市养老模式,怎样构建这一养老模式,亟需进行探索。构建中国特色城市养老模式必须以马克思主义经典作家的社会保障思想和养老保障思想为理论基础,同时要依据老年人社会需求理论、公民养老权利理论、生命周期假说理论和福利多元理论等现代养老保障理论。在实践经验方面,英国以社区照顾为主的居家养老模式、美国各种形式的自我养老模式、日本由传统的家庭养老转变为居家护理养老模式等均为我国构建城市养老模式提供了经验借鉴。为充分了解城市养老现状,本文设计了老年人的收支状况、精神文化娱乐状况、养老意愿和养老需求等几个主要问题,对河北省五所城市的676位老年人和7所养老机构进行了访问调查。通过调查发现,我国城市家庭养老功能确已弱化;不断改善的物质生活水平使老年人对精神世界拥有更高的追求,然而单一的服务种类却无法使其满足;“四二一”家庭、空巢家庭和失独家庭的不断涌现,对养老机构有着迫切的需求,但由于缺失要素资源,养老机构发展举步维艰;同时,养老产业初步发展,专业化的服务人才和志愿者团队资源紧缺;加之不完善的政策法规,使不法商贩借机欺诈老年消费群体,侵犯其合法权益,致使城市养老服务体系整体质量较差,效果不尽如人意。针对上述问题,中国特色城市养老模式应构建以家庭为平台,以社区为依托,同时依靠政府、社会、养老机构等多方面力量支持的居家养老模式。与此同时,还要加快发展环境好、设施好、服务好的养老机构;加快发展多种多样的养老服务产业;加快发展专业化、职业化的养老服务团队;加快建立健全老年法律体系等。应力图把银色“危机”转化为银色“商机”,在营造尊老、敬老、爱老的社会氛围的同时,为老年人提供更多优质的服务。
[Abstract]:The aging of the population is a worldwide issue, and the aging situation in China is even more ferocious. It is necessary to think about how to build a pension model in accordance with the national conditions of our country. Urban old-age support is an important part of the social pension system and a "first driving force" for a country to carry out pension practice. In the cities of China, the number of "4 / 21" families and empty nest families is increasing, and families without independence are emerging in endlessly, which results in the continuous weakening of the family's old-age support function. What kind of urban old-age care model should be constructed under this precipitous situation? It is urgent to explore how to construct this old-age support model, which must be based on the social security thought and old-age security thought of the classical Marxist writers, and the social demand theory of the elderly, at the same time, it is necessary to construct the urban old-age pension model with Chinese characteristics. The theory of citizen's pension right, the theory of life cycle hypothesis and the theory of welfare pluralistic theory, etc. In practical experience, the home pension model, which is mainly based on community care, and the various forms of self-supporting mode in the United States, have been adopted in the United Kingdom. Japan's transformation from traditional family pension to home nursing and old-age care has provided a reference for the construction of urban old-age model in China. In order to fully understand the current situation of urban old-age care, this paper designs the income and expenditure status of the elderly, the state of spiritual culture and entertainment, and so on. In this paper, 676 elderly people and 7 old-age institutions in five cities of Hebei Province were interviewed and investigated. It was found that the function of urban family pension in our country has been weakened. The ever-improving material standard of living enables the elderly to have a higher pursuit of the spiritual world, but a single type of service cannot satisfy them; the "four twenty-one" family, the empty nest family and the unemployed family are constantly emerging. There is an urgent need for pension institutions, but due to the lack of essential resources, the development of pension institutions is difficult; at the same time, the primary development of the pension industry, specialized service personnel and volunteer team resources are scarce; coupled with imperfect policies and regulations, The illegal traders take the opportunity to defraud the elderly consumer groups, encroach on their legitimate rights and interests, cause the overall quality of the urban old-age service system to be poor, and the effect is not satisfactory. In view of the above problems, the urban old-age pension model with Chinese characteristics should be based on the family as the platform. Based on the community, at the same time relying on the government, society, pension institutions and other forces to support the home pension model. At the same time, we should speed up the development of a good environment, good facilities, good service of pension institutions; Speed up the development of a variety of pension service industries; speed up the development of specialized and professional pension service teams; speed up the establishment of a sound legal system for the elderly; and speed up the establishment of a sound legal system for the elderly. Stress charts will transform silver "crises" into silver "business opportunities," and create respect for the elderly and respect for the elderly. The social atmosphere of caring for the elderly, at the same time, to provide more quality services for the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D669.6

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