社会保障卡犯罪疑难问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 11:57

本文选题：社会保障卡　切入点：犯罪　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：行为人持他人社保卡、或利用“套现”等利益诱惑、或采取盗窃、抢夺等非法手段获取他人社保卡后加以使用，侵犯他人财产所有权及国家医疗保险管理秩序，该如何适用法律进行定罪处罚，引发的各种争议较大。司法实践中针对上述行为，有的依照获取社保卡的作案手段分别定罪处罚，即对盗窃、抢劫、抢夺等手段获取社保卡并使用的，分别认定为盗窃罪、抢劫罪、抢夺罪等。有的直接以诈骗罪定罪，因为不管如何取得社保卡，行为人最终获取利益的手段，必须是要冒用他人社保卡，以骗取国家医保基金的形式来完成。本人在检察机关公诉部门工作多年，接触和办理了一定数量的社保卡犯罪案件，对此有着强烈的认知，本文拟从司法实践的角度及视野，尝试分析利用社保卡实施诈骗，以及盗窃他人社保卡并使用的性质等争议较大的问题，并进一步展开思索和探究，提出解决相关问题的倾向性观点。我认为无论占有他人社保卡过程是否合法，，只要在未发生实际就医的情况下，使用上述社保卡至医院、药店等医疗机构配取大量药品，且相关药品并非用于社保卡卡主本人的，都属于诈骗国家医保基金的行为。但是在实践中，将此类行为认定为保险诈骗是不妥当的，因为该两类犯罪在保险属性、保险所经营的主体、目的、实施方式，包括保险费的的负担形式等方面均存在很大不同，据此将此类犯罪行为以保险诈骗行为予以认定是不妥当的。笔者认为，通过借用等合法方式取得他人社保卡并使用的，符合诈骗犯罪的构成要件。但是，对于通过盗窃等犯罪手段获取他人社保卡并使用的行为，在实践中如何予以认定存在较大争议，有观点认为上述行为涉及吸收犯问题，有观点认为应以结合犯理论分析上述行为，有观点认为上述行为同样应当认定为诈骗罪一罪，亦有观点认为对于上述行为，应当参照盗窃信用卡并使用的行为，以盗窃罪定罪处罚。笔者在下文中尝试通过对几种不同观点的批驳，结合相关案例进行法理分析。笔者认为，对于上述行为，并不能简单的参照盗窃信用卡并使用的相关规定，而作出盗窃罪的性质认定。因为行为人最终实现其犯罪目的的行为，仍然属于冒用他人身份，诈骗国家医保基金的行为；且因其犯罪行为最终实际利益受损的，不仅仅包括持卡人本身社保卡内的余额，还包括了国家医保基金的支付部分。故对于此类行为，笔者认为更符合牵连犯的构成要件，应当以牵连犯的相关理论进行分析及认定。
[Abstract]:The perpetrator holds another person's social security card, or takes advantage of "cash" and other interests to seduce him or her, or takes illegal means such as theft, snatch and other illegal means to obtain another person's social security card and use it, thus infringing upon the property ownership of others and the order of the management of state medical insurance. How to apply the law to the conviction and punishment, which leads to a great deal of controversy. In judicial practice, according to the means of obtaining the social security card, some people are convicted and punished separately, that is, theft, robbery, If the social security card is obtained and used by means such as robbery, theft, robbery, robbery, and so on. Some are directly convicted of fraud, because no matter how the social security card is obtained, the means by which the perpetrator ultimately obtains the benefit, Must be to use other people's social security card, to deceive the form of national health insurance fund to complete. I have been working in the prosecution department of the procuratorial organ for many years, have come into contact with and handled a certain number of social security card crime cases, have strong cognition to this, this article intends to analyze and use social security card to carry out fraud from the angle of judicial practice and vision. And the nature of theft and use of other people's social security card and other controversial issues, and further thinking and exploring, put forward a tendentiousness point of view to solve the related problems. I think whether the process of possessing other people's social security card is legal or not, As long as medical institutions such as hospitals, pharmacies and other medical institutions use the above-mentioned social security card to obtain a large number of medicines without actual medical treatment, and the relevant drugs are not used by the holder of the social security card, Both belong to the act of defrauding the national health insurance fund. However, in practice, it is inappropriate to regard this kind of behavior as insurance fraud, because these two types of crimes are in the nature of insurance, the subject of insurance business, the purpose, and the way of implementation. There are great differences in the forms of burden of insurance premiums, so it is not appropriate to identify such criminal acts as insurance fraud. The author believes that it is not appropriate to obtain other people's social security cards and use them through legal means such as borrowing, etc. Conformed to the constitutive requirements of the crime of fraud. However, for the behavior of obtaining and using other people's social security card through criminal means such as theft, how to identify it in practice is controversial. There are views that the above-mentioned acts should be analyzed by combining the crime theory, that the above-mentioned acts should also be regarded as the crime of fraud, and that for the above-mentioned acts, reference should be made to the acts of stealing credit cards and using them, In the following part, I try to refute several different viewpoints and make legal analysis in combination with relevant cases. The author believes that the above behavior can not simply refer to the relevant provisions of credit card theft and use. And to determine the nature of the crime of larceny. Because the act of the perpetrator finally achieving his criminal purpose still belongs to the act of defrauding the national health insurance fund by using another person's identity, and because of his criminal act, the ultimate actual interests are damaged, It includes not only the balance in the card holder's own social security card, but also the payment part of the national health insurance fund. Therefore, the author thinks that this kind of behavior is more in line with the constitutive requirements of implicated crime, which should be analyzed and confirmed by the relevant theory of implicated crime.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D924.3

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