性别比失衡的再平衡:来自“关爱女孩行动”的证据

发布时间：2018-03-30 16:43

本文选题：性别比失衡　切入点：经济激励　出处：《经济学动态》2017年04期

【摘要】：自20世纪80年代以来我国性别比失衡状况日益严峻,而性别比失衡的一个重要原因是男孩偏好背后的经济动机。2003年,我国启动了"关爱女孩行动"的试点政策,试点县区针对独女户和纯女户在教育、社会保障等方面提供了一系列的奖励和扶持政策。本文基于这一外生的自然实验,运用倍差法(Difference-in-difference,DID)估计了真实经济激励对出生人口性别比的影响。研究发现,"关爱女孩行动"使得试点县区的出生人口性别比显著下降了12个百分点,在排除了瞒报、移民等因素的干扰之后,该结论依然非常稳健。进一步研究还发现:"关爱女孩行动"主要是通过经济激励发挥作用,同期实施的打击"两非"行政干预的作用并不明显;并且,倾斜性的政策切实改善了试点县区的女性地位,女性受教育程度显著增加了10%。由于真实经济激励产生了显著的作用,这意味着通过制度安排来提高生育女孩的相对收益,是促使我国性别比再平衡的可行方案。
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, the gender imbalance in our country has become increasingly serious, and one of the important reasons for the gender imbalance is the economic motivation behind boys' preference. In 2003, China launched a pilot policy of "Care for Girls".The pilot county provides a series of incentive and support policies in education and social security for single and pure female households.Based on this exogenous natural experiment, this paper estimates the effect of real economic incentives on the sex ratio of birth population by using the double difference method (Difference-in-Differencein DIDD).The study found that the Girls' Care Initiative had significantly reduced the sex ratio of births in the pilot counties by 12 percentage points, and that the findings remained robust after removing factors such as underreporting and immigration.Further research also found that the "Girl Care Action" played a role mainly through economic incentives, and that the role of the "two Africa" administrative interventions implemented in the same period was not obvious; and that the preferential policies had effectively improved the status of women in the pilot counties and districts,The educational level of women has increased significantly by 10%.As real economic incentives play a significant role, this means that institutional arrangements to increase the relative income of girls is a feasible way to rebalance the sex ratio in our country.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学经济学院;上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院;
【基金】：华中科技大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“基于DMSP/OLS夜间卫星灯光数据的城镇化测度研究”(2015AD004)和“政治关联与经济增长”(2015AC006)的资助
【分类号】：C913.68

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