基于全球视角的普惠金融指数及实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 08:29

本文选题：普惠金融 + 指数编制　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,国际社会对普惠金融(Financial Inclusion)的重视程度越来越高。根据最新预测,超过半数发展中国家的贫困人口未能在正规金融机构拥有账户,超过35%的微型企业难以获得正规的金融服务。全球超过60个国家和地区设立了正式的普惠金融发展目标,以消除不同群体在金融服务可获得性及使用程度上的巨大差距。目前已有学者从理论角度分析了普惠金融对经济增长的促进作用,但是普惠金融度量的困难导致了相关的实证研究相对较少。因此,如何有效地度量普惠金融的发展水平就成为目前的学术研究重点。现有文献多数从可获得性维度和使用维度衡量普惠金融的发展水平,且编制的指数及其实证研究均基于横截面数据。本文在前人研究基础上,从可获得性、使用和金融服务质量三个维度衡量普惠金融发展水平,并使用普惠金融指数面板数据验证了普惠金融对经济增长确有促进作用。本文的主要内容如下:首先本文对普惠金融成功案例和各国际组织的普惠金融指标体系进行了介绍。其中世界银行(WB)和货币基金组织(IMF)指标体系分别从需求端和供给端衡量普惠金融的发展水平,而普惠金融合作伙伴组织(GPFI)指标体系综合了需求端和供给端的数据,普惠金融联盟(AFI)指标体系的特点是可以根据各国国情设立定制化的标准。此后本文介绍了普惠金融指数的维度指标选择和合成方法。本文选择可获得性、使用和金融服务质量三个维度及空间合成方法合成普惠金融指数,并计算出154个国家和地区的面板数据。同时本文在普惠金融指数的基础上增加部分指标,并因数据缺失相应减少了指数的期数,合成并计算出2011和2014年的普惠金融拓展指数截面数据。普惠金融拓展指数与相应年份的普惠金融指数有较强的相关性,验证了普惠金融指数对普惠金融发展水平的衡量效果较好。之后本文基于普惠金融指数的面板数据,构建了固定效应模型对普惠金融与经济增长的关系进行实证分析。实证结果表明普惠金融发展对经济增长有较强的促进作用。将国家和地区按照收入水平分组并分析后发现,中低收入国家至高收入国家分组中普惠金融对经济发展的促进效果会随着实际人均GDP增加而递减;低收入国家分组普惠金融的促进作用相对较低,可能解释是其社会制度不完善、基础设施等条件较差。因此收入极低的国家和地区为了充分发挥普惠金融对经济的促进作用,应注重社会制度、基础设施等的发展;对于基础设施和社会保障达到一定水平的收入较低的国家和地区,应比收入较高国家更加重视普惠金融的发展。最后本文在普惠金融的研究以及世界上的普惠金融发展成功案例的基础上提出以下政策建议:1、完善普惠金融制度建设,提高政府协作的层次,增强社会对普惠金融的认识和重视;2、推动数字普惠金融发展,借助技术手段为金融消费者提供更加灵活的产品和服务,同时也要注意风险防范;3、引导金融创新,发展多层次金融体系,以较低的成本扩大金融的可获得性;4、建立完善征信体系,信息不对称的减少能够帮助金融机构控制风险也能够帮助金融消费者以较低成本获得资金;5、提高金融相关知识的普及程度,完善保护框架并有效保障金融消费者公平合理使用金融服务和享受金融发展成果的权益;6、加强企业层面的普惠金融建设,引导金融机构帮助中小企业弥补融资缺口并为中小企业提供针对性的金融服务。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the international community has paid more and more attention to the Financial Inclusion. According to the latest forecast, more than half of the poor people in developing countries have failed to have accounts in the regular financial institutions, more than 35% of the micro enterprises are difficult to obtain formal financial services. More than 60 countries and regions have set up formal universal institutions in the world. The goal of the benefit financial development is to eliminate the huge gap between different groups in the availability and use of financial services. At present, some scholars have analyzed the promotion of Inclusive Finance to economic growth from a theoretical point of view. However, the difficulties of generalized financial measures have led to relatively few empirical studies. Therefore, how to measure the benefits effectively The development level of finance has become the focus of current academic research. Most of the existing literatures measure the development level of Inclusive Finance from the availability dimension and use dimension, and the index and its empirical research are based on cross section data. Based on previous studies, this paper measures the three dimensions of availability, use and quality of financial services on the basis of previous studies. The main contents of this paper are as follows: first of all, this paper introduces the successful cases of Pratt and Inclusive Finance and the general financial index system of various international organizations. The World Bank (WB) and the Monetary Fund (IMF) refer to the financial success. The standard system measures the development level of Inclusive Finance from the demand side and the supply side, and the GPFI index system combines the data of the demand side and the supply side. The characteristic of the AFI index system is that it can set up the standard according to the national conditions. This paper selects three dimensions of availability, use and quality of financial services and space synthesis to synthesize the inclusive financial index and calculate the panel data in 154 countries and regions. At the same time, this paper increases the index of the Department Based on the Pratt and inclusive financial index, and reduces the index by the lack of data. The data of the inclusive financial expansion index of 2011 and 2014 are synthesized and calculated. The Pratt and whiten financial expansion index has a strong correlation with the inclusive financial index of the corresponding year, which proves that the Pratt and Whitewater financial index has a better effect on the general financial development level. Then, the paper is based on the panel data of the Pratt and Whitewater index. The empirical results show that the Pratt and inclusive financial development has a strong role in promoting economic growth. The effect will decrease with the increase of the actual per capita GDP, and the promotion of Inclusive Finance in the low income countries is relatively low. It may be explained that the social system is imperfect and the infrastructure is poor. Therefore, in order to give full play to the promoting role of Inclusive Finance to the economy, the countries and regions with very low income should pay attention to the social system and establish the foundation. We should pay more attention to the development of Inclusive Finance than the higher income countries. Finally, the following policy suggestions are put forward on the basis of the research on Inclusive Finance and the successful cases of universal financial development in the world: 1, to perfect the Pratt and inclusive gold. To build up the system, improve the level of government cooperation, enhance the awareness and attention of the society to the Inclusive Finance; 2, promote the development of digital and Inclusive Finance, provide more flexible products and services for financial consumers with the help of technical means, and also pay attention to risk prevention; 3, guide gold to integrate innovation and develop a multi-level financial system, with a lower cost expansion. The availability of big finance, 4, the establishment of a perfect credit system, the reduction of information asymmetry can help financial institutions to control risks and help financial consumers to obtain funds at lower costs; 5, improve the popularity of financial related knowledge, improve the protection framework and effectively protect financial consumers from the fair use of financial services and enjoyment. The rights and interests of the achievements of financial development; 6, strengthen the inclusive financial construction at the enterprise level, guide the financial institutions to help small and medium-sized enterprises make up the financing gap and provide targeted financial services for small and medium-sized enterprises.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F832

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