合肥地区高血压患病情况及影响因素的调查

发布时间：2018-04-27 12:00

本文选题：高血压 + 患病率　；参考：《安徽医科大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的高血压是全球疾病负担的重要危害要素之一,定义为动脉血压上涨,超过一定区间。高血压病是最常见的心血管疾病,患病率呈走高趋向,在2006年全国患病人数已达近2亿,相比较而言,知晓率,治疗率和控制率很低,呈现惊人落差。引起高血压的原因有很多,包括社会人口因素,例如:年龄,性别,受教育程度,家庭收入,社会保障体制;生活方式因素,例如:体力活动频率,水果蔬菜摄入量,吸烟和饮酒量,摄钠量;其他危险因素或行为,例如:高体质量指数(BMI)、高血脂、高血糖及遗传因素等。为方便合肥地区高血压预防和控制工作的开展,进行本次调查,旨在了解安徽省合肥市15岁及以上人群高血压患病率及其相关影响因素的现状。方法一个多阶段分层随机整群抽样法和简单随机抽样方法在合肥市某区选择共有1900名15岁以上的患者为研究对象,通过问卷调查,体格检查获得目标信息,问卷调查表由北京阜外医院拟定,调查员采集资料获取相关信息,并认真填写调查表。调查遵循知情同意原则。体格检查涵盖身高,体重,腰围,血压,体脂肪测量,于重点心脑血管疾病问卷调查表记录所获得的结果。测量方法统一规定,参考标准按照国际相关指南制定。各项目按照国家项目质量控制工作规范及方法,完成调查全过程的质量控制,并完成数据录入将收集的资料输入计算机,整理及逻辑检错,建立数据库,进行统计学分析。对资料的分析选用SPSS17.0统计软件包,计数资料使用率描述,组间比较使用卡方检验,并在此基础上采用logistic回归方式分析高血压与影响因素的关联。结果1900例调查对象中共发现高血压患者468例,患病率为24.63%;男性占28.72%,女性占20.51%;45岁以上年龄组人群高血压患病率高达48%;体重指数BMI偏高者(男=25,女=24),患病率占52.27%;符合中心型肥胖及饮食偏咸因素均对高血压患病差异有统计学意义。导致高血压患病居高不下的重要因素为体质量指数、年龄、摄钠量、中心型肥胖。结论高血压是一种“生活方式病”,高血压病防治是一项巨大的社会系统工程,应该尽快在安徽地区广泛开展健康促进,积极改进日常不健康的行为方式,合理膳食,戒烟限酒,限制钠盐摄入,适当运动,控制体质量,这些对于防治高血压及其相关疾病具有重要意义。同时还需要政府和卫生部门建立完整的监测工作体系、病人管理工作体系,宣传教育和干预工作体系,全方位、多层次地掌握高血压病流行情况及发展规律,并有效控制高血压的患病率。
[Abstract]:Objective Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors in the global disease burden, which is defined as the rise of arterial blood pressure beyond a certain range. Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease, the prevalence rate is rising, in 2006 the number of people in China has reached nearly 200 million, compared with the rate of awareness, treatment and control rate is very low, showing a surprising difference. There are many causes of hypertension, including socio-demographic factors, such as age, sex, educational attainment, family income, social security system, lifestyle factors such as physical activity frequency, intake of fruits and vegetables, Smoking and drinking, sodium intake; other risk factors or behaviors, such as high body mass index (BMI), hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and genetic factors. In order to facilitate the prevention and control of hypertension in Hefei, this investigation was carried out to understand the prevalence of hypertension and its related factors among the population aged 15 and above in Hefei, Anhui Province. Methods A multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method and a simple random sampling method were used to select 1900 patients over 15 years of age in a district of Hefei. Objective information was obtained by questionnaire investigation and physical examination. The questionnaire was drawn up by Fuwei Hospital in Beijing. Investigations follow the principle of informed consent. The physical examination included height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, body fat measurements, and the results recorded in the questionnaire for key Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases. The measurement method is unified and the reference standard is formulated in accordance with the relevant international guidelines. According to the national project quality control work standard and method, each project completes the quality control of the whole investigation process, and completes the data input into the computer, collates and logical error checking, establishes the database, and carries on the statistical analysis. SPSS17.0 statistical software package was used to analyze the data, the utilization rate of counting data was described, and the chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between hypertension and influencing factors by logistic regression. Results A total of 468 patients with hypertension were found in 1900 subjects. The prevalence rate of hypertension in the male group was 28.72 and that in the female group was 20.51%. The prevalence rate of hypertension was as high as 48 in the age group of 45 years old or above. The prevalence rate of hypertension was 52.27 in those with high BMI (25 males and 24 females). The difference is statistically significant. Body mass index (BMI), age, sodium intake, and central obesity are important factors leading to high prevalence of hypertension. Conclusion Hypertension is a kind of lifestyle disease. The prevention and treatment of hypertension is a huge social system engineering. Health promotion should be carried out extensively in Anhui as soon as possible. Smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, limiting sodium intake, proper exercise and controlling body mass are of great significance for the prevention and treatment of hypertension and related diseases. At the same time, it is also necessary for the government and the health sector to establish a complete monitoring work system, a patient management system, a publicity, education and intervention system, and a comprehensive and multi-level grasp of the prevalence and development law of hypertension. And effectively control the prevalence of hypertension.
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R544.1

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