公法学视角下公民网络募捐的保护与规制

发布时间：2018-04-29 12:43

本文选题：公民网络募捐 + 表达自由行为　；参考：《南京师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：2016年3月17日第十二届全国人大四次会议通过了《中华人民共和国慈善法(草案)》,在《慈善法》起草的过程中,草案关于“禁止个人公开募捐"的表述引来大量争议。在这之前,我国的慈善立法没有赋予公民募捐的主体资格,关于募捐权的行使,学界和实务界一直存在着争议。通过公开征求意见,进行反复修改,《慈善法》最终规定“不具有公开募捐资格的慈善组织和个人基于慈善目的,可以与具有公开募捐资格的慈善组织合作,由该慈善组织开展公开募捐并管理募得款物”。这也是各方利益妥协的结果。本文从公法学的视角观察公民网络募捐行为,阐述公民网络募捐的正当性,并进而讨论对公民网络募捐行为的政府规制,对《慈善法》引导个人募捐活动给予肯定,并对如何具体规范公民网络募捐提出自己的意见。本文一共分为四个部分。第一部分是对公民网络募捐行为进行理论分析。首先,从慈善事业、募捐、网络募捐的定义和公民网络募捐的几个案例中,概括出公民网络募捐的概念,并分析其特征及其与相关概念的关系。第二部分探析公民网络募捐的法律性质,并站在公法学视角寻找公民网络募捐的正当性,为其在法理学上找到依据。总的来看,公民网络募捐是一种表达自由行为,应该受到宪法的保护。第三部分介绍公民网络募捐存在的法律问题与《慈善法》的制定。首先,探究公民网络募捐因何产生,其产生是由于哪些立法原因造成的。一方面,公民网络募捐的出现,与我国慈善事业和社会保障制度的不完善密切相关；另一方面,我国慈善立法没有赋予公民网络募捐的资格。其次,分析《慈善法》草案在修订过程中不提倡个人募捐的原因,并对其提出反驳意见。第四部分从事前、事中、事后全方面规制的角度,结合《慈善法》的相关规定,对公民网络募捐的政府规制提出合理建议,以便政府能够为实践中大量存在的公民网络募捐行为提供更优的服务和指导。
[Abstract]:On March 17, 2016, the fourth session of the Twelfth National people's Congress adopted the draft Law of the people's Republic of China on Charity. In the process of drafting the Law, the statement of the draft on the prohibition of public collection of donations by individuals attracted a great deal of controversy. Before that, the charity legislation of our country did not give citizens the subject qualification of collecting donations, and there was always controversy in the academic and practical circles about the exercise of the right to collect donations. Through public consultation and repeated revision, the Charities Law finally stipulates that "Charitable organizations and individuals who are not eligible for public donations may cooperate with charitable organizations with public fundraising qualifications for charitable purposes." The charity conducts a public fundraising and manages the proceeds. " This is also the result of a compromise between the interests of all parties. This paper, from the perspective of public law, observes the behavior of citizens' online fund-raising, expounds the legitimacy of citizen's network collection of donations, and then discusses the government regulation of citizens' online fund-raising, and affirms that the Charity Law guides individual fund-raising activities. And how to concretely standardize the citizen network to raise money puts forward own opinion. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is the theoretical analysis of the behavior of citizen network collection. First of all, from the definition of philanthropy, fundraising, network collection and several cases of citizen network collection, this paper generalizes the concept of citizen network donation, and analyzes its characteristics and its relationship with related concepts. The second part analyzes the legal nature of citizen network collection, and looks for the legitimacy of citizen network collection from the perspective of public law, so as to find the basis in jurisprudence. In general, citizen network fundraising is an act of freedom of expression that should be protected by the Constitution. The third part introduces the legal problems and the establishment of Charity Law. First of all, to explore the causes of citizen network fundraising, and what legislative reasons it is caused. On the one hand, the appearance of citizen network collection is closely related to the imperfection of charity and social security system in our country; on the other hand, the charity legislation of our country does not give citizens the qualification of network donation. Secondly, it analyzes the reasons why the draft of Charity Law does not advocate individual fundraising in the process of revision, and puts forward some rebuttal opinions to it. In the fourth part, from the point of view of regulation in all aspects after the event, combining with the relevant provisions of "Charity Law", the author puts forward some reasonable suggestions on the government regulation of citizen's network donation. So that the government can provide better service and guidance for the large number of citizens'network fundraising in practice.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D632.9

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