政府购买残疾人居家托养服务的问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 21:00

本文选题：政府购买公共服务 + 残疾人居家托养服务　；参考：《重庆大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着经济的发展和社会文明程度的不断提高,残疾人事业得到了政府相关部门及社会各界的关注与重视,取得了长足发展。与此同时,残疾人的需求也日益多样化、复杂化,政府部门解决残疾人问题的能力与残疾人需求之间的矛盾日益突出,这一矛盾在精神、智力和重度肢体残疾人方面表现的更为突出。精神、智力和重度肢体残疾人在生活自理能力和独立行为方面的能力极为欠缺,在康复、教育、就业、社会保障等方面面临着比其他残疾人更为突出的问题,由于其残疾类别的特殊性,其深层次的需求长期难以得到应有的重视和关注,成为残疾人发展事业的“短板”。应该说,对于智力、精神和重度残疾人而言,托养和护理的需求同温饱需求一样,是他们最基本的生活需求。自2009年起,我国政府逐渐推行针对精神、智力和重度肢体残疾人托养服务的“阳光家园计划”试点工作,分别为不同类型的残疾人提供“机构托养”、“日间照料”及“居家托养”三类服务。其中对于居家托养服务的提供,更多的选择了政府购买的方式来推进。通过政府购买公共服务的方式,能够不断提高残疾人服务的标准化、规范化、精细化和现代化水平,从而满足不同残疾类别、不同残疾程度残疾人的需求,这一方式也由此成为新时期做好残疾人工作的重要途径。然而,政府购买残疾人居家托养服务作为新生事物,在我国刚刚起步,还存在着诸如服务标准不统一、服务质量不高、资金投入不足、监督体系不规范等问题,需要我们在实践中不断地加以研究、解决和完善。本文以政府购买公共服务为主线,以购买残疾人居家托养服务这一具体事实为切入点,选取了当前已经开展政府购买残疾人居家托养服务工作的三个城市为调研对象,通过文献梳理、资料查阅、实地调研等方法,对比分析各自的特征、总结各地实践给予其他地方政府购买残疾人居家托养服务的借鉴价值以及这项工作开展过程中存在的问题与不足,进而对完善政府购买残疾人居家托养服务的对策建议进行探索研究,这对于进一步推进政府职能转变、建设公共服务型政府,创新公共服务提供方式、改善享受居家托养服务的残疾人的生活状况具有一定的理论和实践意义。本文的研究框架如下:第一部分,说明政府购买残疾人居家托养服务的研究背景和意义,分析和梳理残疾人托养服务的相关研究综述和文献资料,找出研究不足,为之后的研究做基础性铺垫。第二部分,界定与政府购买残疾人居家托养服务相关的概念及依托的理论基础。第三部分,简要说明残疾人居家托养服务在我国的兴起及发展至今的基本情况。第四部分,根据查阅的资料信息,在重庆市沙坪坝区残联领导的协助之下,选取三个较具代表性的调研对象,通过实地调研,将获取的一手资料进行总结,并呈现出三个案例城市开展残疾人居家托养服务的实际操作过程。第五部分,对三个案例进行比较分析,总结其借鉴价值,同时提炼出三个案例城市在政府购买残疾人居家托养服务过程中存在的问题。第六部分,在存在问题的基础上,较具针对性的提出完善政府购买残疾人居家托养服务的对策建议。第七部分,全文总结。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the economy and the continuous improvement of social civilization, the cause of the disabled has been paid much attention to and paid attention to by the relevant government departments and all walks of life. At the same time, the needs of the disabled are becoming more and more diverse and complicated, and the ability of the government to resolve the problem of the disabled and the needs of the disabled The contradiction is more prominent in the aspects of mental, intellectual and severe physical handicapped. The ability of the mentally, intellectually and severely handicapped of the body is extremely deficient in their ability to take care of themselves and independent behavior, and is facing more prominent problems in rehabilitation, education, employment and social security than other disabled persons. With the special nature of the disability category, its deep level of demand is difficult to get due attention and attention for a long time to become a "short board" for the development of the disabled. It should be said that for the intellectual, spiritual and severe disabled, the demand for nurseries and nursing is the same as the demand for the same temperature and full. The pilot work of "Yangguang home plan" for mental, intellectual and severe limb disabled care services is carried out to provide "institutional care", "daytime care" and "home care" for different types of disabled persons, of which three kinds of services are provided for home care services, and more choices are made by the government to buy. By the way the government buys public services, it can continuously improve the standardization, standardization, refinement and modernization of disabled persons to meet the needs of disabled persons with different disabilities and different disabilities. This way is also an important way to do a good job of disabled people in the new period. However, the government buys the disabled. As a new thing, home care service has just started in China. There are still problems such as non uniform service standards, poor service quality, insufficient fund investment, and unstandardized supervision system. We need to continue to study, solve and improve it in practice. This article takes the government to purchase public service as the main line to purchase the home of the disabled. The concrete fact of support service is the breakthrough point, and the three cities which have already been purchased by the government to buy the home care service of the disabled are selected as the research object. Through the literature review, data inspection, field investigation and other methods, the characteristics are compared and analyzed, and the other local governments are given to the other local governments to buy the home care for the disabled. The reference value of the service as well as the problems and deficiencies in the process of carrying out the work, and further research on the countermeasures and suggestions for improving the government's purchase of the home care service for the disabled, which will help to further promote the transformation of the government's functions, build a public service type government, innovate the way of providing public service, and improve the enjoyment of home care service. The living conditions of the disabled have certain theoretical and practical significance. The research framework of this article is as follows: the first part is to explain the background and significance of the research on the government purchase of the home care service for the disabled, analyze and comb the relevant research summary and literature of the disabled care service, find out the lack of research, and make the foundation for the later research. The second part is to define the concept and the theoretical basis of the government's purchase of the home care service for the disabled. The third part briefly explains the basic situation of the rise and development of the home care service for the disabled in China. The fourth part, in accordance with the information of the reference, is assisted by the leadership of the Shapingba District of Chongqing. At the same time, three representative research subjects were selected and the first-hand information obtained by field investigation was summarized, and the actual operation process of the disabled home care service was presented in three case cities. The fifth part was to compare and analyze the three cases, to sum up their reference value, and to extract three case cities in the government. The problems existing in the process of purchasing the home care service for the disabled. The sixth part, on the basis of the existing problems, puts forward some pertinent suggestions to improve the government's purchase of the home care service for the disabled. The seventh part is a summary of the full text.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D630;D669.69

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