老龄化背景下中日韩家庭养老研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 01:33

本文选题：老龄化 + 家庭养老　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：进入21世纪,中日韩三国急速的老龄化进程引起全世界的关注。老龄化本身作为一种人口现象,是由于生育率降低、预期寿命延长而产生的老年人口在总人口中比重不断增加的过程,这是一种社会进步的标志。而中日韩三国的老龄化之所以成为问题而被广泛讨论,一是其速度之快,程度之高皆在世界前列;其二是受老龄化冲击下的养老困境。家庭养老在东亚社会源远流长,至今仍得到人们的认同,并在各国发挥着巨大的作用。本文以中日韩家庭养老为研究对象,以老龄化为时代背景,对中日韩家庭养老变迁做纵向分析,比较研究中日韩家庭养老的相似性与特殊性,从中总结经验,发现问题。最后总结中国家庭养老面临的问题与挑战,借鉴日韩经验教训,对中国家庭养老发展提出对策建议。本文通过研究得出的基本结论是:第一,在中日韩家庭养老变迁的纵向分析方面。新中国成立以来,中国的家庭养老经历大致可以分为国家、集体支持下的家庭养老时期、家庭养老责任回归时期和家庭养老社会化发展时期。中国家庭养老城乡二元化发展模式,是中国在特殊的历史时期为实现工业化建设的产物,但随着中国政府对农村福利保障问题的关注,这种情况将有所改变。日本的家庭养老转变经历了二战后传统家庭制度转变时期、家庭养老功能社会化时期和现代家庭养老确立时期三个阶段。目前日本面临的困难主要是养老服务需求增加与政府财政不足的矛盾。韩国的家庭养老的变迁也随着政治和社会的变化而呈现出阶段性,主要经历了社会恢复期、福利制度建设期和老龄化加速时期。韩国在老龄化尚未到来之前即制定了相应的养老保障制度,有未雨绸缪的特点,但目前家庭养老与社会养老保障制度结合还不充分,家庭的养老责任依然很重。第二,关于中日韩家庭养老的相似性和特殊性方面。中日韩三国在孝文化传统、家族情结和秩序观念上存在一定的文化共性,在人口转变进程和社会经济快速发展方面存在相同的特点,在国家力量对家庭的有力干预方面也体现了传统东方社会治理的特点;在比较中日韩三国特殊性方面,中日韩家庭养老表现在学习和适应西方社会保障路径的不同、建立养老保障的具体国情不同和面临的历史转折机遇不同,中国在家庭养老转变的过程中能够更为独立发展自身。第三,关于中国家庭养老面临的挑战和政策建议方面。针对中国社会中孝文化有衰弱的趋势,社会养老保障水平较低,家庭养老城乡、地区之间差距较大,家庭养老与城市养老结合程度较低的问题,结合日本和韩国家庭养老发展经验教训,提出对中国家庭养老的政策建议。即中国应当凝聚共识,坚持以发展社会养老强化家庭养老;在社会中强调孝文化价值,建立鼓励家庭养老政策体系;在养老政策实施方面保持主体性姿态,注重制度的连续性和兼容性。
[Abstract]:In the 21 st century, the rapid aging process of China, Japan and South Korea has attracted worldwide attention. Aging itself, as a population phenomenon, is a process of increasing the proportion of the elderly population in the total population due to the decrease of fertility rate and the prolongation of life expectancy, which is a sign of social progress. The aging of China, Japan and South Korea has been widely discussed because of its rapid speed and high level in the world; the other is the dilemma of the aged under the impact of aging. Family pension has a long history in East Asia and is still recognized by people and plays a great role in many countries. This paper takes the family pension of China, Japan and Korea as the research object, taking the aging as the background of the times, makes a longitudinal analysis on the family pension changes of China, Japan and Korea, compares the similarities and particularities of the family pension between China, Japan and Korea, sums up the experience and finds out the problems. Finally, this paper summarizes the problems and challenges faced by Chinese family pension, draws lessons from the experiences of Japan and Korea, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the development of Chinese family pension. The basic conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the longitudinal analysis of the family pension changes in China, Japan and Korea. Since the founding of New China, China's family pension experience can be roughly divided into the state, collective support of the family pension period, the family pension responsibility return period and the family pension socialization development period. The dual development model of Chinese family pension in urban and rural areas is the product of industrialization construction in China in the special historical period, but this situation will change with the attention of the Chinese government on the rural welfare security. The transformation of family pension in Japan has experienced three stages: the transformation of traditional family system after World War II, the socialization of family pension function and the establishment of modern family pension. At present, the difficulties faced by Japan are mainly the contradiction between the increasing demand for pension services and the insufficient government finances. With the changes of politics and society, the changes of the family pension in South Korea have experienced the period of social recovery, the period of welfare system construction and the accelerating period of aging. South Korea has formulated the corresponding old-age security system before aging, which has the characteristics of making good plans in advance. But at present, the combination of family pension and social old-age security system is not sufficient, and the family's responsibility for providing for the aged is still very heavy. Second, about the similarity and particularity of Chinese, Japanese and Korean family pension. China, Japan and South Korea have certain cultural commonalities in the cultural tradition of filial piety, family complex and order concept, and have the same characteristics in the process of population transformation and the rapid development of social economy. It also reflects the characteristics of traditional eastern social governance in terms of the powerful intervention of state forces on families. In comparing the particularities of China, Japan and South Korea, the Chinese, Japanese and Korean family old-age support shows in the different ways of learning and adapting to the western social security system. China can develop itself more independently in the process of family pension transition because of the difference of specific national conditions and historical turning opportunities in the establishment of old-age security. Third, about the Chinese family pension challenges and policy recommendations. In view of the weak trend of filial piety culture in Chinese society, the level of social old-age security is low, the gap between urban and rural families is large, and the degree of combination of family and urban old-age care is low. Based on the experiences and lessons of Japanese and Korean family pension development, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for Chinese family pension. That is, China should unite consensus, insist on strengthening family old-age care by developing society, emphasize the cultural value of filial piety in society, establish and encourage family pension policy system, maintain subjective attitude in the implementation of pension policy. Pay attention to the continuity and compatibility of the system.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.6

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