我国农村空巢老人养老困境及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 03:13

本文选题：农村空巢老人 + 养老困境　；参考：《河北经贸大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文研究农村空巢老人晚年生活面临的最大困境，养老。中国老龄化速度加快，加上各项社会保障制度的不完善，使得农村空巢老人的养老问题日益严峻。这一困境的存在不仅不利于我国社会主义经济的持续稳定健康发展，阻碍我国社会主义新农村建设的进行，而且导致农村老人犯罪率增加，已经成为事关民生和整个农村地区和谐稳定的大问题。农村空巢老人的养老困境主要体现在物质生活和精神生活两个层面上：农村空巢老人经济来源不稳定且收入水平较低，子女在生活照料方面严重缺位，，身体健康水平欠佳，同时还面临着医疗救助困境，人身财产安全得不到保证；心理慰藉缺失，容易产生孤单、寂寞等不良情绪，社会交往范围小，休闲娱乐活动少、方式单一等。这些都严重降低了老人的生活质量。在这样的背景下，本文将农村地区现有的四种主要养老模式的优劣进行分析，探讨在农村地区建构一个立体化的养老援助体系。包括政府、社会第三方、社区及空巢老人自身努力在内的一个立体的体系，共同为农村空巢老人晚年的养老生活创造条件，满足他们不同层次不同方面的需求，以此来消除“空巢化”对于各方面所带来的不利影响，让农村空巢老人共享经济建设和社会发展的成果，以促进社会的稳定与和谐，顺利实现我国从传统社会向现代社会的转型。本文研究从政府、社会第三方、社区及空巢老人自身四个角度来构建立体化的养老体系。首先，政府在这个立体化的模式中起到支持与保障的作用，鼓励社会第三部门参与到社会保障和服务工作中，并且引导和帮助社会第三部门的发展和完善；不仅为立体化养老模式提供财政支持，还要在政策上积极引导责任共担，明确划分各级政府部门的具体责任；在工作中将空巢老人问题作为农村老龄工作的重点，切实保障这一模式的广泛推行；政府在工作中还要积极制定并切实贯彻执行有关政策，充分利用媒体的宣传和引导的作用来引导社会中形成养老敬老氛围。其次，社会第三方作为中间组织，扮演沟通政府部门与市民社会的桥梁和纽带的角色。再次，社区保障在一定程度上能够替代社会保障发挥类似的功效，通过构建社区服务网络，加强对于农村空巢老人的服务队伍，实现城乡医疗服务对接，来保障农村空巢老人的基本生活；同时还起到丰富农村空巢老人的闲暇文化生活的作用。最后，建立和完善立体化养老模式还需要老年人自身的努力，应做到树立自我养老意识，加强自身适应性，注重身心健康，增强身体素质。立体化的养老模式，并没有规定农村空巢老人的养老地点，老人在哪里养老，要根据不同老人的状况而定，具有灵活的优势。发动社会各界，集各方力量于一点，为农村空巢老人创造一个适合他们的养老模式，帮助老年人完善他们的人生，有利于家庭和谐与社会稳定。
[Abstract]:This article studies the rural empty nest old man's old age life facing the biggest predicament, the old age. The aging speed of China, coupled with the imperfect social security system, makes the pension problem of the empty-nest elderly in rural areas increasingly serious. The existence of this dilemma is not only unfavorable to the sustained, stable and healthy development of our socialist economy, but also hinders the construction of a new socialist countryside in our country, and leads to an increase in the crime rate of the elderly in rural areas. It has become a major issue concerning people's livelihood and the harmony and stability of the whole rural areas. The rural empty-nest old people's pension predicament mainly manifests in the material life and the spiritual life two levels: the rural empty-nest old man's economic source is unstable, the income level is low, the child is seriously absent in the life care aspect, the physical health level is not good. At the same time, it also faces the plight of medical assistance, personal and property security can not be guaranteed; psychological comfort loss, easy to produce loneliness, loneliness and other adverse emotions, social interaction scope is small, leisure and entertainment activities are less, the way is single, and so on. These have seriously reduced the quality of life of the elderly. In this context, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the four main pension models in rural areas, and discusses the construction of a three-dimensional pension assistance system in rural areas. A three-dimensional system, including government, social third party, community and empty-nesters themselves, creates conditions for the old people in rural areas to support their old age and meet their needs at different levels and in different aspects. In order to eliminate the adverse effects of "empty-nesting" on all aspects, to enable the rural empty-nest elderly to share the fruits of economic construction and social development, in order to promote social stability and harmony, Smoothly realize the transition from traditional society to modern society. This paper studies the establishment of a three-dimensional pension system from four angles: government, social third party, community and empty-nest elderly. First of all, the government plays the role of support and protection in this three-dimensional model, encouraging the third sector of society to participate in the work of social security and services, and guiding and helping the development and improvement of the third sector of society; Not only to provide financial support for the three-dimensional pension model, but also to actively lead the responsibility sharing in the policy, to clearly divide the specific responsibilities of government departments at all levels, and to make the issue of empty-nest elderly people the focus of the rural ageing work in their work. The government should actively formulate and carry out relevant policies and make full use of the propaganda and guidance role of the media to guide the society to form an atmosphere of old-age care and respect for the elderly. Secondly, the third party acts as a bridge and link between government departments and civil society. Third, to some extent, community security can replace social security to play a similar effect, through the construction of community service network, strengthen the rural empty nest elderly service team, realize the docking of urban and rural medical services. At the same time, it can enrich the leisure cultural life of the rural empty-nesters. Finally, the establishment and perfection of the three-dimensional old-age care model also need the efforts of the elderly themselves, should be done to establish a sense of self-pension, strengthen their own adaptability, pay attention to physical and mental health, enhance physical quality. Three-dimensional pension model does not stipulate the rural empty nest elderly pension location, where the elderly to support the elderly, according to the situation of different old people, with flexible advantages. Mobilize all walks of life, gather all forces in a point, for the rural empty nest old people to create a suitable model for their pension, to help the elderly improve their lives, conducive to family harmony and social stability.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

【参考文献】