山西省晋中市农村社会保障体系探析

发布时间：2018-05-11 15:12

本文选题：晋中市 + 农村社会保障　；参考：《太原理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今社会,社会保障占有极其重要的地位,它不仅是公民实现生存权利以及其他人权的先决条件,是全体社会成员共享社会发展成果的重要渠道,也是社会实现可持续发展、维护社会稳定的重要支柱。农村社会保障作为保障制度的重要核心组成部分,它发展的健康与否,直接关系到社会保障的成败,关系到中国近9亿农民的生存状况。所以,建立一个系统、科学的农村社会保障体系变得尤为重要。在这个体系中,农村社会养老保险制度、新型农村合作医疗制度、农村社会保障制度的建设成为核心的核心。山西作为我国经济欠发达的内陆省份,由于受主客观因素的影响(自然环境、地理环境、历史因素、传统文化观念等),农村社会保障制度的发展一直受到严重的考验。近年来,随着农村社会保障制度改革的深入,各试点县、市的建立,越来越多的农民尝到了农村社会保障制度带来的甜头。在各试点县、市中,晋中市的农村社会保障制度改革与推行的成效最为引人注目。截止到2011年6月底,全市参加新农保人数达1432900人,参保率达到99.1%。新型农村合作医疗参合人数为2154595人,参合率97.86%,农村低保对象64267户共计90847人,累计发放农村低保金7801.57万元。晋中市是山西省较早开展农村社会保障体系构建的试点诚市之一,其制度运行是否顺利直接关系到能否解决好现阶段农村社会保障所面临的问题,对全省乃至全国农村社会保障体系的发展具有重要的参考价值。在调研中,晋中市有很多试点经验值得借鉴和推广,包括：制定相关政策,为农村社会保障制度的顺利开展保驾护航；增加试点县数量,让更多农村居民享受到农村社会保障带来的实惠；挨家挨户入户调查,扩大参保覆盖面等；切实将农民的保障问题当做一项民生工程来抓。但在制度的落实的过程中,晋中也存在不少问题：一,农村最低社会保障存在的问题——低保专职人员稀缺；低保家庭收入难以准确核实；城乡低保二元化加剧；“民主评困”逐步异化；低保对象退出难；缺乏就业扶持机制等。二,新型农村养老保险存在的问题——立法体系滞后；制度存在缺陷；民众政策解读陷入误区；管理平台建设滞后等。三,新型农村合作医疗存在的问题——筹资渠道不畅；缺乏完备的补偿机制；政府职能发挥不充分；农民自愿参保意识淡薄等。这些因素都在一定程度上制约了晋中市农村社会保障的进程。建设晋中农村社会保障体系的对策包括：以农村最低生活保障制度为基础,完善社会救助体系；改革养老保险制度,实现农村居民“老有所养”；加快完善“新农合”制度,实现农村居民“病有所医”。晋中市农村试点的启示是：所谓的好政策,不是以覆盖率来衡量的,而是在制度推行的过程中,真真切切为农民带来了实惠,带来了便利。当农村居民真正到了“老有所养”、“病有所医”的阶段时,相信真正的农村社会保障体系将离之不远矣。
[Abstract]:Social security occupies an extremely important position in today's society. It is not only a prerequisite for citizens to realize the right to survive and other human rights, but also an important channel for all the members of the society to share the results of social development. It is also an important pillar of the social sustainable development and the maintenance of social stability. The social security of the countryside is the important guarantee system. The core components, the health of its development is directly related to the success or failure of social security and the survival of nearly 900 million farmers in China. Therefore, the establishment of a system, the scientific rural social security system becomes particularly important. In this system, the rural social endowment insurance system, the new rural cooperative medical system, the rural social security system. The building of the barrier system has become the core of the core.
As the underdeveloped inland province of our country, the development of the rural social security system has been severely tested because of the influence of the objective factors of the recipient (natural environment, geographical environment, historical factors, traditional cultural concepts, etc.). In recent years, with the deepening of the reform of the rural social protection system, the establishment of various pilot counties and cities has become more and more important. Many farmers have tasted the sweetness of the rural social security system. In the pilot counties, in the cities, the rural social security system reform and implementation of Jinzhong is the most remarkable. By the end of June 2011, the number of new farmers in the city was 1432900, and the rate of participation in the new rural cooperative medical system of 99.1%. was 2154595, The participation rate was 97.86%, and the rural minimum living allowances 64267 households totaled 90847 people, and the total amount of the rural minimum allowances was 78 million 15 thousand and 700 yuan.
Jinzhong is one of the pilot cities in Shanxi province to carry out the construction of the rural social security system earlier. Its system operation is directly related to the problem that can solve the problems facing the rural social security at the present stage. It has a important reference value for the development of the rural social security system in the whole province and even the whole country. In the investigation, the city of Jinzhong is very important. The multi pilot experience is worthy of reference and promotion, including: making relevant policies to protect the rural social security system smoothly, increasing the number of pilot counties and allowing more rural residents to enjoy the benefits of rural social security. But in the process of the implementation of the system, there are also many problems in Jinzhong: first, the problem of the minimum social security in the countryside is the scarcity of the low insurance personnel; the income of the low insurance family is difficult to be accurately verified; the two yuan of the urban and rural low insurance is aggravated; the "democratic evaluation of the poverty" is gradually dissimilated; Employment support mechanism, etc. Two, the problems of the new rural old-age insurance - the lagging of the legislative system, the defects of the system, the misunderstanding of the public policy interpretation, the lag of the construction of the management platform, and so on. Three, the problems of the new rural cooperative medical system, such as the poor financing channels, the lack of complete compensation mechanism, and the lack of full function of the government. These factors, to a certain extent, have restricted the process of social security in rural areas of Jinzhong.
The Countermeasures for building the rural social security system in Jinzhong include: Based on the rural minimum living security system, perfecting the social assistance system, reforming the old-age insurance system, realizing the rural residents' "old ownership", speeding up the improvement of the "new rural cooperation" system and realizing the "medical treatment" of the rural residents. The Enlightenment of the rural pilot in Jinzhong is that: The good policy of predicate is not measured by the coverage rate, but in the process of the implementation of the system, it brings real benefits to the farmers and brings convenience. When the rural residents really come to the stage of "having a good health" and "medical treatment", it is believed that the real rural social security system will not be far away.

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F323.89

【参考文献】