社会保障制度与城乡收入非公平性关系研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 17:52

本文选题：社会保障制度 + 城乡收入差距　；参考：《贵州财经大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国城乡收入差距在从20世纪90年代开始称相处单边的上升趋势,在这之前则是曲折的缓慢上涨形态,不过在2005年之后,我国的城乡收入之比开始保持在一个比较平稳的状态,没有进一步扩大,并且在一些地方,城乡收入差距开始有所减少,这说明近年来我国的收入分配政策产生了一定的成效。但不可否认的是,我国由于前期过于强调经济增长和“先富带动后富”,导致的城乡巨大差距仍然处于较高水平,不管是与国际相比较还是同中国80年代相比,城乡差距都处于绝对的高位。过大的城乡差距必然会带来严重的社会问题,影响发展的稳定和增长的持续性,因此十八大以来的中央政府,更加强调公平,加大了收入再分配的力度,并且将政策中心向西部地区偏移,以带动这些经济较为落后地区的发展,减少地区间的差距和城乡间的差距。随着我国人均经济水平达到中等国家行列,能否实现全面小康并跨过中等收入陷阱成为新时期我国发展的主要问题。作为农村居民人口仍占多数的中国而言,减少收入差距,提高农村居民的收入水平势必成为关键的一环。中国的高速经济增长奇迹难以再现,人口红利也将逐渐消退,作为收入分配“调节器”的社会保障制度必然需要发挥更大的作用。从建国初期的人民公社、劳保医疗到后来的社会保险制度,社会保障制度在不同的时期有不同的作用,这一作用对城乡差距究竟几何,以及其在今后应当发挥什么作用,都需要经过审慎的考察与思考。本文使用我国1995年~2013年除了西藏自治区以外的30个省、自治区、直辖市的面板数据,利用固定效应(FE)模型和差分广义矩(diffGMM)估计作为主要估计模型,考察了衡量社会保障制度发展状况的变量(各保险制度的城乡覆盖率)与城乡收入差距的关系,研究我国这一时期社会保障制度在城乡收入差距变动过程中的作用。研究发现,社会保障制度对城乡收入差距具有显著的作用,但是在中国社会经济发展的不同阶段和保障制度改革的不同时期,其作用存在一定差别;在考察的整个时期,养老保险制度显著地减少了城乡收入差距,失业保险显著地拉大了城乡收入差距,医疗保险制度由于数据的不完整作用有待进一步考察;在2003年之前,由于各保障制度在农村地区普遍缺失,而在城市较为完善,显著地拉大了城乡收入差距;2003年之后,政府对农村保障工作更加重视,制度建设不断完善,进而显著地缩小了城乡收入差距;社会保障制度的城乡二元结构对城乡收入差距有显著的影响,不论是对整个时期进行考察,还是分时期考察,加大向农村地区的政策倾斜力度使得城乡收入差距显著减少,而减少对农村地区的支持则会增大城乡收入差距;各地方市场化水平显著影响城乡收入差距,并对社会保障制度的作用发挥产生显著影响,但由于各地区市场化程度的不均衡,从而使社会保障制度对调节城乡收入差距产生消极作用。
[Abstract]:The income gap between urban and rural areas in China began to increase from 1990s to single side. Before this, it was a slow and slow rising form. However, after 2005, the income ratio of urban and rural areas in China began to remain in a relatively stable state, not further expanded, and in some places, the income gap between urban and rural areas began to decrease. Few, this shows that China's income distribution policy has produced some achievements in recent years. However, it is undeniable that the huge gap between urban and rural areas is still at a high level due to the earlier emphasis on economic growth and the "rich before the rich". The large gap between the urban and rural areas will inevitably bring serious social problems and affect the stability and sustainability of development. Therefore, the central government of the eighteen major central governments has more emphasis on fairness, increased the intensity of the redistribution of income, and shifted the policy center to the western region in order to drive the development of the relatively backward areas and reduce the development of these areas. The gap between small areas and the gap between urban and rural areas. As China's per capita economic level reaches the ranks of middle countries, it is a major problem for China to achieve a comprehensive well-off society and cross the middle income trap. As China, which is still the majority of the rural population, the income gap is reduced and the income level of rural residents is improved. It must be a key link. The miracle of China's rapid economic growth is difficult to reproduce, and the demographic dividend will gradually fade away. The social security system, as a "regulator" of income distribution, is bound to play a greater role. From the people's commune in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China to the later social insurance system, the social security system was at a different time. In this paper, we use the panel data of 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government in our country in ~2013 1995, except the Tibet autonomous region, using the fixed effect (FE) model and the differential generalized moment (FE). DiffGMM) as the main estimation model, we examine the relationship between the variables of the development of social security system and the income gap between urban and rural areas and the income gap between urban and rural areas. Research on the social security system in the period of the change of the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. The research found that the social security system is the income gap between urban and rural areas It has a significant role, but in different stages of China's social and economic development and the different period of the reform of the security system, the role of the pension insurance system has significantly reduced the income gap between the urban and rural areas, and the unemployment insurance significantly widened the income gap between the urban and rural areas, and the medical insurance system was due to the data. The incomplete function needs further investigation; before 2003, due to the widespread lack of the security system in the rural areas, and the more perfect in the city, the income gap between urban and rural areas has been greatly enlarged. After 2003, the government has paid more attention to the rural security work, and the system construction is constantly finished, and the income gap between urban and rural areas is narrowed, and the social security is significantly reduced. The urban and rural two yuan structure has a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas, whether it is the whole period of investigation, or a period of investigation, the increase of policy to rural areas makes the gap between urban and rural income significantly reduced, while reducing support for rural areas will increase the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the level of local marketization is significant. It affects the income gap between urban and rural areas and has a significant impact on the role of the social security system. However, because of the imbalance in the degree of marketization in various regions, the social security system has a negative effect on the adjustment of the income gap between urban and rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：贵州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124.7

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