现代国家视角中农村基层服务型政府建设研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 17:03

本文选题：中国现代国家 + 农村　；参考：《宁波大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：服务型政府是当前各国行政体制改革的总体趋势,我国历来重视行政体制改革,对基层服务型政府建设的要求在十七大报告中早有详述。本文拟从现代国家构建理论入手,将基层服务型政府建设都置于现代国家构建这一视野中加以考量,接着查找农村基层服务型政府建设存在的主要问题,并进行原因剖析,最后对解决问题的具体措施逐一展开,得出建设人民满意的服务型政府虽任重道远却前景广阔这一现实结论。文章第一部分以现代国家构建理论开篇,分四个小点介绍,首先对中国现代国家内涵及构建路径作个简要概述,引出中国现代国家构建中农村基层政府职能转变过程,分析服务型政府理念出现的时代背景和现实需求,然后概述农村基层服务型政府内涵,分析农村基层服务型政府建设的必要性,认为建设服务型政府是解决当前中国基层行政治理问题的最好途径,进一步奠定后文论述的理论基础。文章第二部分对农村基层服务型政府建设存在的主要问题进行了总结归纳。一方面公共产品供需不对称,农村基础设施供给严重不足,社会保障制度不尽完善,非生产性公共产品却供给过剩,都使服务型政府建设“大打折扣”。另一方面,公共服务职能建设上也存在问题,财政不足、职能错位、机构设置不合理都使基层政府在公共服务的职能上“心有余而力不足”。文章第三部分对农村基层服务型政府建设存在的主要问题进行了原因剖析。第一,农村依法行政环境不完善,这是服务型政府建设的最大难题。第二,乡镇政府缺乏必要的独立性和自主性,导致基层政府行政环境压力巨大。第三,民意表达机制不顺畅,使群众无法将所思、所想、所盼真实地表达出来。第四,财权与事权严重脱节。第五,基层干部不想为民服务、害怕为民服务、无心为民服务的现象大量存在。文章第四部分对前文分析的五个原因提出解决措施,从完善相关法律法规,到切实转变政府职能,从畅通民意表达渠道,到建立权责合一的财政制度,再到完善公共服务绩效考核机制,都进行了逐一解答,得出最后结论:建设服务型政府,是人民群众的迫切愿望;建设服务型政府,是我国深化政治体制改革的必由之路。
[Abstract]:Service-oriented government is the general trend of the reform of administrative system in various countries. Our country has always attached importance to the reform of administrative system, and the requirements for the construction of service-oriented government at the grass-roots level have long been described in detail in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Starting with the theory of modern state construction, this paper considers the construction of grass-roots service-oriented government from the perspective of modern national construction, and then finds out the main problems existing in the construction of rural service-oriented government, and analyzes the causes. Finally, the concrete measures to solve the problem are carried out one by one, and the realistic conclusion is that the construction of a service-oriented government with satisfactory people has a long way to go but a broad prospect. The first part of the article begins with the theory of modern state construction, and introduces it in four small points. Firstly, it gives a brief overview of the connotation and construction path of China's modern state, and leads to the transformation process of rural grass-roots government functions in the construction of modern Chinese state. This paper analyzes the background and realistic demand of the concept of service-oriented government, then summarizes the connotation of service-oriented government in rural areas, and analyzes the necessity of the construction of service-oriented government in rural areas. It is believed that the construction of service-oriented government is the best way to solve the problem of administrative governance at the grass-roots level in China, and further lay the theoretical foundation for further discussion. The second part of the article summarizes the main problems existing in the construction of rural basic-level service-oriented government. On the one hand, the asymmetric supply and demand of public goods, the serious shortage of rural infrastructure, the imperfect social security system and the excess supply of unproductive public goods all make the construction of service-oriented government "greatly reduced". On the other hand, there are also problems in the construction of public service functions, such as insufficient finance, dislocation of functions and unreasonable setting of institutions, all of which make the grass-roots government "have more heart and less strength" in the function of public service. The third part of the article analyzes the main problems existing in the construction of rural basic-level service-oriented government. First, the rural administrative environment according to law is not perfect, which is the biggest problem in the construction of service-oriented government. Second, the township government lacks the necessary independence and autonomy, leading to the pressure of grass-roots government administrative environment. Third, the expression of public opinion mechanism is not smooth, so that the masses can not think, wish to express the truth. Fourth, the financial power and power seriously out of line. Fifth, grassroots cadres do not want to serve the people, fear to serve the people, and do not intend to serve the people. The fourth part of the article puts forward the solutions to the five reasons, from perfecting the relevant laws and regulations, to changing the government's function, from unblocking the channels of public opinion expression to establishing the fiscal system of integrating power and responsibility. To perfect the performance appraisal mechanism of public service, it is answered one by one, and the final conclusion is that it is the urgent wish of the people to build a service-oriented government, and the construction of service-oriented government is the only way to deepen the reform of the political system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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