太行山贫困区农地利用效率测度与影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-06-23 12:45

本文选题：太行山贫困区 + 经营规模　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2011年国务院印发的《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2011-2020)》确立了全国14个连片特困地区为我国扶贫攻坚的主战场。党的十八也强调了贫困区的扶贫攻坚是我国扶贫工作的重中之重,是为在2020年实现全面建成小康社会的保障。“精准扶贫”政策的提出更是为贫困区的脱贫指引了方向。如何实现精准扶贫成为目前贫困区走出贫困实现小康最需解决的问题。在贫困区的经济发展中农业生产占据了重要的地位,提高贫困区的农地利用效率不仅对贫困区的脱贫起到了支撑作用,同样也是合理利用贫困区土地资源实现农业可持续生产的重要途径。本文以太行山贫困区为研究对象,分析不同农地经营规模下的农地利用效率,并对效率的影响因素进行回归分析来探讨在贫困区如何能够提高农地利用效率。本文采用数据包络模型(DEA),对贫困区的不同农地经营规模进行全要素生产率(TFP)测算。结果显示出贫困区的农地利用效率与非贫困区有一定区别。贫困区农地经营规模的效率呈现出正U型,当农地经营规模较小时,农地利用效率较大。当农地经营规模扩大时,农地利用效率呈现降低的趋势。只有当达到一定的规模后,农地利用效率才会随着经营规模的扩大而增长。较大规模的集中经营体现了较高效率。本文对贫困区内规模提升农地利用效率却下降的区域提出了“生产不积极规模”的定义。之后对得到的效率值进行了Tobit回归分析来研究贫困区农地利用效率的影响因素。研究表明,贫困区农业劳动力的平均年龄和受教育程度并不是影响农地利用效率的显著因素。而贫困区农户的补贴收入和农户兼业化程度的影响则十分显著。而这两者与贫困区的精准扶贫息息相关。只有将贫困区的精准扶贫政策落实到位,才能减少农业兼业化给贫困区农地利用效率带来的负面影响,同时也能减少贫困区农户补贴发放不匹配的现象,从而更好地实现贫困户脱贫的目的。在文章的最后,针对贫困区农地利用效率反映出的问题,本文对太行山贫困区的农业发展提出几点政策建议,包括贫困区农地进行适度规模经营,摆脱“生产不积极规模”;贫困区政府应鼓励兼业化农户通过土地流转转出形成农地的适度规模经营;政府应该依托精准扶贫,量身定制贫困农户的合理补贴;将贫困户纳入地区特色农业发展链条;注重贫困区农地的可持续利用,减少弃耕撂荒现象等。
[Abstract]:The outline of Poverty Alleviation and Development in China's Rural areas (2011-2020) issued by the State Council in 2011 has established 14 special hardship areas in China as the main battlefields for poverty alleviation in China. The 18th Party also stressed that poverty alleviation in the poverty-stricken areas is the most important part of poverty alleviation in China, and is the guarantee of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020. The policy of "precision poverty alleviation" has pointed out the direction of poverty alleviation in the poor areas. How to achieve accurate poverty alleviation has become the most important problem to be solved in poverty areas. Agricultural production plays an important role in the economic development of the poverty-stricken areas, and improving the efficiency of agricultural land utilization in the poverty-stricken areas not only plays a supporting role in poverty alleviation in the poverty-stricken areas, but also plays an important role in the economic development of the poverty-stricken areas. It is also an important way to make rational use of land resources in poverty areas to realize sustainable agricultural production. This paper takes Taihang Mountain poverty area as the research object, analyzes the farmland utilization efficiency under the different farmland management scale, and carries on the regression analysis to the influence factor of the efficiency to discuss how to improve the farmland utilization efficiency in the poor area. In this paper, data Envelopment Model (DEA) is used to measure the total factor productivity (TFP) of different farmland management scale in poor areas. The results show that there are some differences between the rural land use efficiency in the poor areas and the non-poverty areas. The efficiency of agricultural land management scale in the poverty-stricken areas shows a positive U type. When the scale of agricultural land management is small, the farmland utilization efficiency is higher. When the scale of farmland management is enlarged, the efficiency of farmland use is decreasing. Only when a certain scale is reached, the efficiency of farmland use will increase with the expansion of management scale. A large scale of centralized management reflects a higher efficiency. In this paper, the definition of "inactive scale of production" is put forward for the region where the scale of the poor area increases the efficiency of farmland utilization but decreases. Then Tobit regression analysis was used to study the influencing factors of farmland use efficiency in poor areas. The study shows that the average age and education level of the agricultural labor in the poor areas are not the significant factors affecting the agricultural land use efficiency. The impact of subsidy income and the degree of concurrent employment of farmers in poor areas is very significant. These two are closely related to the precision of poverty alleviation. Only by implementing the precision poverty alleviation policy in poverty areas can we reduce the negative impact of concurrent farming on the efficiency of agricultural land use in poor areas, and at the same time, reduce the mismatch of farmers' subsidies in poor areas. In order to better achieve the purpose of poverty alleviation of poor households. At the end of the article, in view of the problems reflected in the efficiency of farmland utilization in the poverty-stricken areas, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for the agricultural development in the poverty-stricken areas of Taihang Mountain, including the moderate scale management of agricultural land in the poverty-stricken areas, and getting rid of the "non-active scale of production"; The government of the poverty-stricken area should encourage the concurrent-industry peasant household to transfer out of the land to form the moderate scale management of the farmland; the government should rely on the precision to help the poor, customize the reasonable subsidy of the poor peasant household, bring the poor household into the chain of the regional characteristic agriculture development; Pay attention to the sustainable use of agricultural land in poor areas and reduce abandonment and abandonment.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F321.1

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