伦理学视角下安乐死问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 16:04

【摘要】：伴随着现代社会中对于生存质量要求的提高,以及人们物质生活条件改善后对于生死观念的转变,安乐死作为已无治愈可能、处于濒危状态的患者自主选择提前结束生命的一种方式,逐渐被社会所认知。目前世界上已经有部分国家或地区在法律上和医学上许可了安乐死的存在,但为了规避可能的伦理和法律风险,安乐死的执行条件都非常严格。由于我国受传统文化影响颇深,医疗条件和社会保障制度处于较低水平,并且法制建设进程缓慢,所以对安乐死的研究一直停留在理论层面,实践层面的研究更是举步维艰。因此,本文试图从伦理学角度论证安乐死在我国实施的可行性。本篇论文采用文献研究法和比较法,客观详实的分析了伦理学视角下安乐死问题。文章首先介绍了伦理学视角下安乐死问题的选题目的和选题意义,分析归纳了关于本选题的国内外研究现状,概括了本文主要研究方法并提出了本文的理论创新点。其次,系统阐述了安乐死的界定和分类,从不同角度将安乐死分为积极安乐死与消极安乐死、自愿安乐死与非自愿安乐死。并且对安乐死国内外发展概况进行了系统的分析。然后,重点分析了当前我国实行安乐死的伦理困境,从生命伦理、医学伦理和家庭伦理三个层面展开分析:生命伦理困境主要表现在传统生死观与安乐死冲突,本质是生命神圣论与生命质量论之争;医学伦理困境体现在传统医学理念与安乐死的冲突,实质是理论与实践的脱离;家庭伦理困境主要体现在传统家庭伦理与安乐死的冲突,表现在情感与理性的对立。最后,针对上述问题,提出了我国实行安乐死的伦理出路,其中着重强调确立安乐死的伦理原则,包括人道主义、有利无害、自主尊重和公平公正原则,同时要构建实施安乐死的制度保障,即制定安乐死法律法规,确立安乐死实施标准,规范安乐死实施程序,并以此为基点,进一步提升安乐死参与者的道德素养,不仅要规范安乐死参与者的道德行为,还要树立安乐死参与者的道德良心观,以期最终实现安乐死在我国得以实施的目的。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of the quality of life in modern society and the change of people's concept of life and death after the improvement of material living conditions, euthanasia is no longer possible to cure. Patients in endangered state choose a way to end their life ahead of time, which is gradually recognized by society. At present, some countries or regions in the world have permitted the existence of euthanasia in law and medicine, but in order to avoid the possible ethical and legal risks, euthanasia execution conditions are very strict. Because of the deep influence of traditional culture, the low level of medical condition and social security system, and the slow process of legal system construction, the research on euthanasia has always remained at the theoretical level, and the research on the practical level is even more difficult. Therefore, this paper tries to demonstrate the feasibility of euthanasia in China from the perspective of ethics. This paper analyzes euthanasia from the perspective of ethics by literature research and comparative method. This paper first introduces the purpose and significance of the topic of euthanasia from the perspective of ethics, analyzes and summarizes the domestic and foreign research status of this topic, summarizes the main research methods of this paper and puts forward the theoretical innovation of this paper. Secondly, the definition and classification of euthanasia are systematically expounded, which are divided into active euthanasia and negative euthanasia, voluntary euthanasia and involuntary euthanasia from different angles. And the development of euthanasia at home and abroad is systematically analyzed. Then, it analyzes the ethical dilemma of euthanasia in our country, and analyzes it from the aspects of bioethics, medical ethics and family ethics: the dilemma of bioethics is mainly manifested in the conflict between the traditional view of life and death and euthanasia. The essence is the dispute between the theory of life sacredness and the theory of quality of life; the dilemma of medical ethics is embodied in the conflict between traditional medical idea and euthanasia, the essence is the separation of theory and practice, and the dilemma of family ethics is mainly reflected in the conflict between traditional family ethics and euthanasia. It is manifested in the opposition between emotion and reason. Finally, in view of the above problems, the author puts forward the ethical way out of euthanasia in our country, which emphasizes the establishment of the ethical principles of euthanasia, including the principles of humanitarianism, benefit and harmlessness, autonomy respect and fairness and justice, At the same time, it is necessary to construct the system guarantee of euthanasia, that is, to establish the laws and regulations of euthanasia, to establish the standards of euthanasia, to standardize the procedures of euthanasia, and to further enhance the moral literacy of the participants in euthanasia. Not only to regulate the moral behavior of euthanasia participants, but also to establish the moral conscience of euthanasia participants in order to achieve the goal of euthanasia in China.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R-052

【相似文献】