新生代农民工人力资本现状、问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 14:08

【摘要】：随着改革开放进程的深入,中国经济全面深化改革的时代已经到来。改革需要创新,创新需要人才,而人才需要培养和提升。目前,国内经济结构调整对技能人才的需求量很大,但这一方面的人才供给却严重不足。作为我国社会主义现代化建设主力军的新生代农民工,他们的从业素质、人力资本状况目前存在一些问题,这将直接影响我国工业化和城市化进程,关系到我国人力资本强国目标的实现。结合人力资本理论,基于笔者在全国范围内的抽样调查数据,本文发现,我国新生代农民工人力资本具有四点现状:即六成左右的新生代农民工具有初中及以上受教育水平;新生代农民工中参加过职业技能培训的人数比例不足三成;新生代农民工社会保障整体参比仍处于较低水平,健康人力资本不高;新生代农民工工作迁移流动频繁,人力资本积累缺乏可持续性。与此同时,新生代农民工人力资本的提升也面临诸多障碍:政府、企业、社会组织、家庭和个人五个行为主体的投资责任意识不清晰,人力资本积累的效率不高;社会保障机制、教育培训机制,以及市场机制等不健全;人力资本培训缺乏有效的监督和管理体制。通过研究,本文还发现,总体来讲,我国新生代农民工人力资本的四个方面——教育、培训、健康、迁移状况呈现以下共性和差异性。共性:(1)从人力资本投资主体来看,不管是政府、企业、社会组织,还是家庭和个人,对新生代农民工人力资本四方面投资的力度依然不足;(2)从人力资本整体水平来看,不管是教育、培训,还是医疗保健和迁移流动,皆处于相对较低的水平;(3)从投资的收益期来看,对人力资本四个方面的任一方面进行投资均需要很长一段时间才能得到回报,但收益期较长。差异性:(1)投资主体对人力资本四方面的态度直接影响着四者之间发展的均衡性。相比较而言,人们更倾向于关注教育和培训两方面人力资本的提升,对健康和迁移人力资本的投资相对较少。(2)在人力资本四个方面中,教育人力资本主导作用明显。一般情况下,教育人力资本水平会直接影响培训、健康医疗保健和迁移流动三方面人力资本水平的提升。基于此研究结论,本文还进一步提出了提升新生代农民工人力资本的理论框架。本文认为,未来新生代农民工人力资本提升需要以政府为依托,企业、社会组织、家庭和个人多元主体协同参与,形成新生代人力资本提升的良性循环路径。同时,需要进一步提高政府的基础服务功能、企业的强化功能、社会组织的辅助功能以及家庭和个人协同参与的主观能动性,营造积极、向上的人力资本提升环境。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform and opening-up process, the era of comprehensive deepening of China's economic reform has arrived. Reform needs innovation, innovation needs talents, and talents need to be cultivated and promoted. At present, there is a great demand for skilled talents in the adjustment of domestic economic structure, but the supply of talents in this respect is seriously insufficient. The new generation of migrant workers, who are the main force in China's socialist modernization drive, have some problems in their working quality and human capital status, which will directly affect the process of industrialization and urbanization in our country. It is related to the realization of the goal of powerful country of human capital in our country. Combined with the theory of human capital, based on the sampling data of the author in the whole country, this paper finds that the human capital of the new generation of migrant workers in our country has four points: that is, about 60% of the new generation of migrant workers have the education level of junior middle school and above; The proportion of the new generation of migrant workers who have participated in vocational skills training is less than 30%; the overall reference ratio of the new generation of migrant workers is still at a low level, and the healthy human capital is not high. Human capital accumulation lacks sustainability. At the same time, the new generation of migrant workers also face many obstacles to the promotion of human capital: the government, enterprises, social organizations, families and individuals of the five main actors of investment responsibility awareness is not clear, human capital accumulation efficiency is not high; Social security mechanism, education training mechanism and market mechanism are not perfect, and human capital training lacks effective supervision and management system. Through the research, this paper also finds that, in general, the four aspects of the human capital of the new generation of migrant workers in our country-education, training, health, migration present the following commonalities and differences. Commonality: (1) from the point of view of the main body of human capital investment, no matter the government, enterprises, social organizations, or families and individuals, the investment in the four aspects of human capital of the new generation of migrant workers is still insufficient; (2) from the overall level of human capital, Education, training, health care and migration flows are at relatively low levels; (3) investment in any of the four areas of human capital can take a long time to pay off in terms of the return period of investment. But the earnings period is longer. Difference: (1) the attitude of the investors to the four aspects of human capital has a direct impact on the balance of the development between the four. In comparison, people tend to pay more attention to the promotion of human capital in education and training, and invest less in health and migration. (2) in the four aspects of human capital, the leading role of educational human capital is obvious. In general, the level of educational human capital will directly affect the improvement of human capital level in three aspects: training, health care and migration. Based on this conclusion, this paper further puts forward the theoretical framework of improving the human capital of the new generation of migrant workers. This paper argues that the future generation of migrant workers' human capital upgrading needs to rely on the government, enterprises, social organizations, families and individuals to participate in a coordinated manner, forming a new generation of human capital promotion of the virtuous circle path. At the same time, it is necessary to further improve the basic service function of the government, the strengthening function of the enterprise, the auxiliary function of the social organization and the subjective initiative of the family and individual cooperation participation, so as to create a positive and upward environment for the promotion of human capital.
【学位授予单位】：中共北京市委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D412.6

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