日本老人医疗保障制度的历史探析
发布时间：2018-11-27 17:03
【摘要】：20世纪50年代末,日本在战后经济恢复的基础上,创建了“国民皆保险”体制。老人作为被抚养者或家属加入雇佣者医疗保险和国民健康保险,从而实现了老人医疗保险的全覆盖。之后,乘着经济高速增长的快车,日本老人医疗保障制度发展迅速,1973年创建“老人医疗免费制度”与“高额医疗保险制度”。但好景不长,在日本国内经济增速放缓、西方社会保障制度改革的大背景下,为解决老人医疗费用高涨、政府财政危机,以及应对少子老龄化问题。80、90年代开始了老人医疗保障制度的改革,1982年创建“老人保健制度”,废除免费医疗,1984年创设“退职者医疗保险制度”,虽暂时遏制了高速上涨的医疗费用,但固有的代际负担不均问题仍未解决,改革仍在继续。21世纪初,日本创建新的高龄者医疗保险制度,将75岁以上老人独立出来建立单独的医疗保险制度,并创设前期高龄者财政调整制度,这一改革解决了困扰日本政府的老人医疗财源问题,维护了现行医疗保险制度的正常运行。日本老人医疗保障制度建设方面的经验与教训对于同处于儒家文化圈的中国来说,具有极大的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:In the late 1950s, Japan established the "all-Nation Insurance" system on the basis of postwar economic recovery. The elderly, as dependents or dependents, join the employment medical insurance and the national health insurance, thus realizing the full coverage of the medical insurance for the elderly. Later, with the rapid economic growth, the medical security system for the elderly in Japan developed rapidly. In 1973, the "free medical care system for the elderly" and the "high medical insurance system" were established. However, in the context of Japan's slowing domestic economic growth rate and the reform of the western social security system, in order to solve the financial crisis of the government in order to solve the high medical costs for the elderly, The reform of medical security system for the elderly began in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1982, the "health care system for the elderly" was established, the free medical care system was abolished, and the "medical insurance system for former employees" was created in 1984. Although the rapidly rising medical costs have been temporarily curbed, the inherent problem of unequal intergenerational burdens remains unresolved and the reform continues. In the early 2000s, Japan established a new medical insurance system for the elderly. The independent establishment of a separate medical insurance system and the establishment of a financial adjustment system for the elderly in the early years of life have solved the problem of the source of medical care for the elderly, which has plagued the Japanese government. We have maintained the normal operation of the current medical insurance system. The experiences and lessons in the construction of medical security system for the elderly in Japan are of great significance to China, which is also in the Confucian culture circle.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R199
本文编号：2361497
[Abstract]:In the late 1950s, Japan established the "all-Nation Insurance" system on the basis of postwar economic recovery. The elderly, as dependents or dependents, join the employment medical insurance and the national health insurance, thus realizing the full coverage of the medical insurance for the elderly. Later, with the rapid economic growth, the medical security system for the elderly in Japan developed rapidly. In 1973, the "free medical care system for the elderly" and the "high medical insurance system" were established. However, in the context of Japan's slowing domestic economic growth rate and the reform of the western social security system, in order to solve the financial crisis of the government in order to solve the high medical costs for the elderly, The reform of medical security system for the elderly began in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1982, the "health care system for the elderly" was established, the free medical care system was abolished, and the "medical insurance system for former employees" was created in 1984. Although the rapidly rising medical costs have been temporarily curbed, the inherent problem of unequal intergenerational burdens remains unresolved and the reform continues. In the early 2000s, Japan established a new medical insurance system for the elderly. The independent establishment of a separate medical insurance system and the establishment of a financial adjustment system for the elderly in the early years of life have solved the problem of the source of medical care for the elderly, which has plagued the Japanese government. We have maintained the normal operation of the current medical insurance system. The experiences and lessons in the construction of medical security system for the elderly in Japan are of great significance to China, which is also in the Confucian culture circle.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R199
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