北京农民收入变化特点与促进增收的政策建议

发布时间：2019-06-09 11:46

【摘要】：党的十八大报告提出,到2020年我国城乡居民人均收入要比2010年翻一番,农民收入翻番是实现这一目标的重要组成部分。北京市2010年农民人均纯收入约1.3万元,如何在高起点上完成2.6万元翻番任务是目前亟待解决的问题。本文通过定量分析法、研讨法、文献法,梳理北京市"八五"以来的农民增收政策,得出在增收政策力度增大的情况下,农民收入的四个明显特征。一是收入水平增加明显,1995~2014年收入增长6.3倍。二是结构变化明显,工资性收入的增收贡献率与人均纯收入的增长存在显著的正相关关系;转移性收入在收入构成中的比重不断增加。三是区域差异明显,地区之间不平衡;城市发展新区增速略高于其它两个功能区;城乡居民收入差距持续扩大。四是内部差距明显,农民内部收入差距逐年拉大,收入分配不平等程度高于城镇。分析影响农民收入增长的因素时,得出农民存在自身素质局限性、收入来源狭窄性及收入支出失衡性的现实问题及社会保障、土地、财政、公共服务方面的制度问题。最后提出以加强政策可持续性、增强政策针对性、增进制度创新性为切入点,建立合理、有效、配套的农民增收政策体系,完成新形势下的收入倍增目标。
[Abstract]:According to the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the per capita income of urban and rural residents in China will double that of 2010 by 2020, and doubling the income of farmers is an important part of achieving this goal. The per capita net income of farmers in Beijing in 2010 is about 13000 yuan. How to double 26000 yuan at a high starting point is an urgent problem to be solved at present. By means of quantitative analysis, seminar and literature, this paper combs the policy of increasing farmers' income since the eighth five-year Plan in Beijing, and obtains four obvious characteristics of farmers' income under the condition of increasing the intensity of income policy. First, the income level increased significantly, rising 6.3 times in 1995 / 2014. Second, there is a significant positive correlation between the contribution rate of wage income and the growth of per capita net income, and the proportion of transfer income in income composition is increasing. Third, there are obvious regional differences and imbalance between regions; the growth rate of new urban development areas is slightly higher than that of the other two functional areas; the income gap between urban and rural residents continues to widen. Fourth, the internal gap is obvious, the income gap among farmers is widening year by year, and the inequality of income distribution is higher than that in cities and towns. When analyzing the factors that affect the growth of farmers' income, it is concluded that farmers have the limitations of their own quality, the narrowness of income sources and the imbalance of income and expenditure, as well as the institutional problems of social security, land, finance and public services. Finally, it is put forward that the policy sustainability, policy pertinence and system innovation should be strengthened, and a reasonable, effective and matching policy system for increasing farmers' income should be established to achieve the goal of income doubling under the new situation.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学资源学部;
【基金】：北京市哲学社会科学规划项目“农民市民化的成本障碍与制度安排研究—以北京郊区为例”(11JGC114)
【分类号】：F323.8

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