中国典型农区县域社会不平等空间模式与地域差异

发布时间：2017-02-17 19:09

  本文关键词：黄淮海典型地区村域转型发展的特征与机理，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

[1] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Wan G <given-names>H.Changes in regional inequality in rural China: Decomposing the Gini index by income sources. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, <year>2001, <volume>45(3): <fpage>361-<lpage>381.

A new method is proposed to decompose inequality changes as measured by the Gini index into structural effects, real inequality effects and interactive effects. Application of the method to updated Chinese data reveals that structural effects represent the driving force underlying the increasing trend in regional income inequality in rural China. Policy implications are explored. In addition to these contributions, considerable efforts are made to construct the income data used in the article. Pitfalls in measuring income inequality in rural China are discussed.

DOI: 10.1111/1467-8489.00148     

[2] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Petrakos <given-names>G.Patterns of regional inequality in transition economies. Euruopean Planning Studies, <year>2001, <volume>9(3): <fpage>359-<lpage>383.

This paper provides a comparative account of important aspects of regional development in transition economies, on the basis of regional statistics available for Poland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. More specifically it examines the geographical pattern of disparities, the convergence/divergence trends that have taken place at the regional level and the relation of regional disparities to the process of transition. It is found that spatial adjustments under transition favour metropolitan and western regions, especially in countries sharing common borders with the European Union (EU) and being a short distance from the European core. In addition, disparities have increased at various rates and degrees in transition countries to levels that are higher than most of the EU countries. Given that the catch-up process, which favours more often efficiency than equity policies, has a long way to go, the regional problems in these countries may take alarming, by EU standards, dimensions.

DOI: 10.1080/713666485     

[3] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Wei Y <given-names>H, <name>Ye X <given-names>Y.Regional inequality in China: A case study of Zhejiang province. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, <year>2004, <volume>95(1): <fpage>44-<lpage>60.

Most studies on regional inequality in China are based on macro regions and provinces. Studies on intraprovincial inequality remain limited, although there is a growing literature on Guangdong and Jiangsu. Zhejiang is a leading coastal province of China experiencing rapid economic growth and has been known for its Wenzhou model of development based on private enterprises. This paper uses time-series county data to examine regional inequalities in Zhejiang from 1952 to 1998, with a focus on the reform period of 1978-98. We find that intermunicipal and intercounty inequalities in Zhejiang increased substantially, and overall inequality also increased, especially in the 1990s when more radical market reforms were implemented. While cities like Hangzhou and Ningbo have maintained their higher level of wealth, some counties, particularly coastal counties in municipalities like Wenzhou and Taizhou, have recorded dramatic growth, centred on private enterprises. However, municipalities such as Quzhou, which were favoured by Mao's industrialisation policy, recorded slower growth, as did the traditionally poorer municipalities. We have analysed the role of localities, the state, and globalisation in the changing patterns of regional development in Zhejiang, with an emphasis on local agents of development. Copyright (c) 2004 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG.

DOI: 10.1111/j.0040-747X.2004.00292.x     

[4] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Jongchul <given-names>L.Changes in the source of China's regional inequality. China Eeconomic Review, <year>2001, <volume>11(3): <fpage>232-<lpage>245.

This paper examines whether the dominant sources of China's regional inequality have changed since the early 1980s. We adopt the decomposition method introduced by Tsui (1993) to facilitate comparisons with his results for 1982. The decomposition analysis shows that the dominant sources of overall regional inequality in output have shifted from the intraprovincial to interprovincial inequality, from the rural–urban to intrarural inequality, and also from the disparity within the coast to between the coast and the interior. In the case of consumption, however, the intraprovincial inequality, the rural–urban inequality, and the disparity within the coast are the major factors of the overall regional inequality.

DOI: 10.1016/S1043-951X(00)00019-5     

[5] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Li Y <given-names>R, <name>Wang <given-names>J, <name>Long H <given-names>L, <etal>et al.Problem regions and regional problems of socio-economic development in China: A perspective from the coordinated development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization and agricultural modernation. Journal of Geographical Sciences, <year>2014, <volume>24(6): <fpage>1115-<lpage>1130.

59(5): <fpage>791-<lpage>799.] [7] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Bradshaw <given-names>M, <name>Vartapetov <given-names>K.A new perspetive on regional inequality in Russia. Eursian Geography and Economics, <year>2003, <volume>44(6): <fpage>403-<lpage>429. [8] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Yuan <given-names>Y, <name>Wu F <given-names>L.Regional social inequalities and social deprivation in Guangdong province, China. Growth and Change, <year>2013, <volume>44(1): <fpage>149-<lpage>167.

This article examines social deprivation at a regional scale using the case of Guangdong province, China. Counties, county-level cities, and districts of prefecture cities are selected as the units of analysis. At the provincial level, a significant variation is found in terms of the social deprivation index, showing a pattern of increasing deprivation from the core of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) to the peripheral areas of Guangdong province. In the PRD, social development conditions are significantly different among these units, whereas the level of economic development is less differentiated. Social deprivation in urban areas is considerably lower than in rural areas. The differences between cities are significant, showing a bifurcation trend, whereas rural areas seem to be similar. Social disparities in Guangdong province are derived from unequal economic growth as well as social and regional policies.

DOI: 10.1111/grow.12005     

[9] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Chen <given-names>G, <name>Gu C <given-names>L, <name>Wu F <given-names>L.Urban poverty in the transitional economy: A case of Nanjing, China. Habitat International, <year>2006, <volume>30(1): <fpage>1-<lpage>26.

In contrast to the traditional perception of the pervasive rural poverty in a developing country, poverty has become gradually urbanized in China, despite significant reduction of absolute poverty in rural areas since the late 1970s. This paper focuses on the changing context of urban poverty in China and emphasizes the difference between the “new urban poverty” and the traditional urban poverty, mainly experienced by the “three Nos” (people without stable income, working capacity, or family support) in the socialist era. A theoretical framework is proposed to address the impacts of three major transformations during the economic reform—economic restructuring, changing welfare provision, and sociospatial re-organization—on the poor segment of urban society. A case study of the city of Nanjing is conducted to examine the changing composition of urban poverty and its spatial characteristics. We conclude that new urban poverty in China is an inevitable outcome of economic restructuring, the state's retreat from workplace-based welfare provision and the urbanization process that re-organizes urban spaces. Due to the strong legacy of socialist urbanism and the limit of our data analysis, there is no strong evidence of poverty concentration at district level, though pockets of urban poverty are found at community level in the city of Nanjing.

DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2004.06.001     

[10] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name lang="CN">周春山, <name lang="CN">刘洋, <name lang="CN">朱红. 转型时期广州市社会区分析. 地理学报, <year>2006, <volume>61(10): <fpage>1046-<lpage>1056.

Zhou <given-names>Chunshan, <name>Liu <given-names>Yang, <name>Zhu <given-names>Hong.Analysis on social area of Guangzhou city during the economy system transformation. Acta Geographica Sinica, <year>2006, <volume>61(10): <fpage>1046-<lpage>1056.] [11] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Wu W <given-names>P.Migrant settlement and spatial distrbution in metropolitan Shanghai. The Professional Geographyer, <year>2008, <volume>60(1): <fpage>101-<lpage>120. [12] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Li Y <given-names>R, <name>Long H <given-names>L, <name>Liu Y <given-names>S.Spatio-temporal pattern of China's rural development: A rurality index perspective. Journal of Rural Studies, <year>2015, <volume>38(1): <fpage>12-<lpage>26.

China's rural areas are undergoing considerable spatio-temporal change. To some extent, this change increases the difficulty in our understanding the regional rural development and thus brings about challenges for the making of feasible regional rural development policies and strategic planning. This study establishes an index system to evaluate the degree of rurality in China at county level using national census data of 2000 and 2010, and examines the correlationship between rurality index and major socio-economic and geographical indicators. The results of evaluation and spatial analysis show that the rurality index can largely reflect the spatio-temporal patterns of China's rural development, and the Pearson correlation analysis confirmed that counties with high rurality have been marginalized in the aspects of both geographical location and economic development. As such, the patterns of rural development identified by rurality index analysis significantly improve our knowledge on the recent development of rural China. However, this index is less successful in revealing the agricultural production status quo alone. The authors argue that rurality index is an important tool for measuring rural development, and could provide us with valuable information for local planning and the innovation of rural development policies. Furthermore, integrating rurality studies and rural socio-economic analysis can contribute greatly to the making of integrated and regionalized rural development policies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.01.004     

[13] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name lang="CN">袁媛, <name lang="CN">许学强. 转型时期我国城市贫困地理的实证研究: 以广州市为例. 地理科学, <year>2008, <volume>28(4): <fpage>457-<lpage>463.

研究辨析了综合贫困(Multiple Deprivation)与贫困概念、总结综合贫困的指标体系和研究方法,评述国外地理学对综合贫困空间的研究内容。再利用广州市最低保障数据和五普数据构建综合贫困的指标体系,采用因子分析法总结贫困主因子,并求得各街道综合贫困得分。发现广州市内城区和外围局部地区存在综合贫困累积型分布的状况,呈现"圈层+局部放射"的综合贫困空间总体形态,内外城贫困特征有一定差异,是历史、政策和市场等多种力量长期综合作用的结果。研究对拓展中国转型期贫困地理研究视角和指标体系有一定的裨益。

<mixed-citation magId="2">[<name>Yuan <given-names>Yuan, <name>Xu <given-names>Xueqiang.Geography of urban deprivation in transitional China: A case study of Guangzhou city. Scientia Geographica Sinica, <year>2008, <volume>28(4): <fpage>457-<lpage>463.] [14] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Yuan <given-names>Y, <name>Wu F <given-names>L, <name>Xu X <given-names>Q.Multiple deprivation in transitional Chinese cities: A case study of Guangzhou. Urban Affairs Review. <year>2011, <volume>47(5): <fpage>721-<lpage>736. [15] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Yuan <given-names>Y, <name>Wu F <given-names>L.Regional social inequalities and social deprivation in Guangdong province, China. Growth and Change, <year>2013, <volume>44(1): <fpage>149-<lpage>167.

This article examines social deprivation at a regional scale using the case of Guangdong province, China. Counties, county-level cities, and districts of prefecture cities are selected as the units of analysis. At the provincial level, a significant variation is found in terms of the social deprivation index, showing a pattern of increasing deprivation from the core of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) to the peripheral areas of Guangdong province. In the PRD, social development conditions are significantly different among these units, whereas the level of economic development is less differentiated. Social deprivation in urban areas is considerably lower than in rural areas. The differences between cities are significant, showing a bifurcation trend, whereas rural areas seem to be similar. Social disparities in Guangdong province are derived from unequal economic growth as well as social and regional policies.

DOI: 10.1111/grow.12005     

[16] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name lang="CN">袁媛, <name lang="CN">吴缚龙, <name lang="CN">许学强. 转型期中国城市贫困和剥夺的空间模式. 地理学报, <year>2009, <volume>64(10): <fpage>753-<lpage>763.

利用普查数据、民政数据和问卷调查资料，从城市宏观空间与个体微观层面，系统检测了转型时期中国城市贫困和城市剥夺的空间模式及形成原因。研究发现城市贫困和剥夺具有在内城区重合、外围区分离的特点。内城居住区的户籍贫困人口在住房、教育、设施等多方面处于被剥夺状况，外围的企业配套区户籍贫困人口则没有很明显的被剥夺状况，外来人口聚居区的低收入和贫困农民工处于被剥夺状况。究其原因，计划经济时代和转型时期的城市住房、建设和更新等空间政策的共同作用，直接导致了户籍贫困人口和农民工生活状况的差异，进而产生了迥异于西方城市特征的中国城市贫困和剥夺的空间模式。

DOI: 10.11821/xb200906012     

<mixed-citation magId="2">[<name>Yuan <given-names>Yuan, <name>Wu <given-names>Fulong, <name>Xu <given-names>Xueqiang.The spatial pattern of poverty and deprivation in transitional Chinese city: Analysis of area-based indicators and individual data. Acta Geographica Sinica, <year>2009, <volume>64(10): <fpage>753-<lpage>763.] [17] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name lang="CN">袁媛, <name lang="CN">李珊. 大城市低收入邻里社会贫困的测度差异与成因. 地理学报, <year>2012, <volume>67(10): <fpage>1353-<lpage>1361.

社会贫困是对居民的社会保障和福利的享有情况、社会参与和融合等生活状况的测度。利用中国3 大典型地域、6 个代表城市、3 类邻里的1809 份个体问卷调查数据, 本文选取13 个相关指标, 判定个体是否处于社会贫困状态, 利用回归模型探究其影响因素, 并分析社会贫困现象在不同邻里、不同城市集聚的分异特征。研究发现, 6 个城市间的社会贫困集聚程度顺序为东部、中部和西部;3 大类邻里中, 社会贫困在城中村表现最为明显, 内城居住区次之, 企业配套居住区最低。中国城市居民是否处于社会贫困状态是体制(户口类型) 和家庭(教育程度、年龄等) 因素共同作用的结果。代表体制因素的户口类型对3 类城市的社会贫困均起到影响, 东中部城市中家庭因素也有一定作用。体制因素对城中村的社会贫困起显著影响, 而家庭因素在内城居住区和企业配套居住区中作用更大。

<mixed-citation magId="2">[<name>Yuan <given-names>Yuan, <name>Li <given-names>Shan.The measurement, spatial differentiation and driving forces of social deprivation in low-income neighborhoods in Chinese large cities. Acta Geographica Sinica, <year>2012, <volume>67(10): <fpage>1353-<lpage>1361.] [18] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Jones <given-names>C.Urban Deprivation and Inner City. London: Croom Helm, <year>1979. [19] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Townsend <given-names>P.Deprivation. Journal of Social Policy, <year>1987, <volume>16(2): <fpage>125-<lpage>146. [20] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Khan J <given-names>H, <name>Hassan T <given-names>S.Incidence of poverty and level of socio-economic deprivation in India. Journal of Developing Areas, <year>2014, <volume>48(2): <fpage>21-<lpage>38.

The present paper aims to analyze the spatial variations in the incidence of poverty and level of deprivation in India. The causal relationship between poverty rate (dependent variable) and twenty five selected socio-economic variables (independent variables) of deprivation has been also taken into account. The state/union territory has been taken as the smallest unit of study. The entire research work is based on secondary sources of data. The study reveals that the level of poverty is low in northern and southern states of India, and it is high in central-eastern states extending from the state of Maharashtra in the west to the state of Bihar in the east. The level of deprivation is high in the states extending from Rajasthan in the west to Orissa in the east, medium level in the southern, north-western and north-eastern states and it is low in the northern and southern most states of India.

DOI: 10.1353/jda.2014.0031     

[21] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Kearns <given-names>A, <name>Gibb <given-names>K, <name>Mackay <given-names>D.Area deprivation in Scotland: A new assessment. Uban Studies, <year>2000, <volume>37(9): <fpage>1535-<lpage>1559.

This paper gives an account of an attempt to create a new area deprivation index for Scotland based mainly upon non-census indicators and calibrated at the spatial level of the postcode sector. This is the first such index to be produced in the UK. The paper explains why there is currently more interest in this type of index, describes how the index was constructed from identification of deprivation domains through selection of indicators to their standardisation, transformation and combination into a single measure. A multidimensional account of the resulting geographical pattern of deprivation is given. There then follows a discussion of various issues surrounding the index and areas for further development or improvement are identified.

DOI: 10.1080/00420980020080251     

[22] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Alkire <given-names>S, <name>Foster <given-names>J.Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Policy Modeling, <year>2010, <volume>32(6): <fpage>818-<lpage>827.

This paper proposes a new methodology for multidimensional poverty measurement consisting of an identification method ρ k that extends the traditional intersection and union approaches, and a class of poverty measures M α . Our identification step employs two forms of cutoff: one within each dimension to determine whether a person is deprived in that dimension, and a second across dimensions that identifies the poor by ‘counting’ the dimensions in which a person is deprived. The aggregation step employs the FGT measures, appropriately adjusted to account for multidimensionality. The axioms are presented as joint restrictions on identification and the measures, and the methodology satisfies a range of desirable properties including decomposability. The identification method is particularly well suited for use with ordinal data, as is the first of our measures, the adjusted headcount ratio M 0 . We present some dominance results and an interpretation of the adjusted headcount ratio as a measure of unfreedom. Examples from the US and Indonesia illustrate our methodology.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.11.006     

[23] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Belhadj <given-names>B.New fuzzy indices of poverty by distinguishing three levels of poverty. Research in Economics, <year>2011, <volume>32(6): <fpage>221-<lpage>231.

In order to avoid a rigid poor/non-poor dichotomy (see e.g.脗 Hagenaars, 1986), the fuzzy sets approach to poverty measurement has been used. The aim of this paper is to propose fuzzy measures of unidimensional and multidimensional poverty by distinguishing three levels of poverty. A methodological research is proposed as follows: first, the poor are analyzed by partitioning the total population in three mutually exclusive groups around the poverty line, and three levels of poverty are distinguished. Second, a general rule for the construction of different fuzzy measure unions脗 (Zadeh, 1975) is proposed, that is, rules for the construction of overall poverty starting from different levels of poverty. Finally, classes of fuzzy measures of poverty referring to the overall population are suggested. An application using individual well-being data from Tunisian households in 1990 is presented to illustrate use of one of the proposed concepts.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2010.10.002     

[24] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Mclennan <given-names>D. The English indices of deprivation 2010. , 2015-03-03.https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6871/1871208.pdf [25] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Michael <given-names>N.Small area indices of multiple deprivation in South Africa. Social Indicators Research, <year>2010, <volume>95(2): <fpage>281-<lpage>279.

Michael <given-names>P.The geography of disadvantage in rural Scotland. Journal of Economic and Social Geography, <year>2003, <volume>95(4): <fpage>375-<lpage>391.

ABSTRACT In the United Kingdom, despite the social legislation of the post-war era, poverty and deprivation remain the daily experience of many citizens. Large numbers of the disadvantaged live in rural areas, yet most research attention has been focused on conditions in urban Britain, and in particular on the main cities of England. This research employs a multi-scale multi-indicator approach and data extracted from the latest Census of Population to identify the nature, intensity and incidence of disadvantage in rural Scotland. The empirical findings are of both academic and policy relevance. Finally, a five-dimensional conceptual framework is presented as a guide for future research into the geography of rural disadvantage.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9663.2004.00315.x     

[27] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Yuan <given-names>Y, <name>Wu F <given-names>L.The development of the index of multiple deprivations from small-area population census in the city of Guangzhou, PRC. Habitat International, <year>2014, <volume>41: <fpage>142-<lpage>149.

The index of multiple deprivations (IMD) is an established method in western market economies for measuring the level of social disadvantage in small areas so as to allocate public resources and target area-based regeneration policies. The method has seldom been used in emerging economies such as China. This article applies the method to the city of Guangzhou and attempts to develop an index that is suitable to the local context. Using the fifth population census, 13 indicators are selected into 5 domains of deprivation, which are measured in the finest resolution of 1632 residents' committees (RCs). The method is useful to show urban鈥搑ural disparity and the extensive distribution of deprived areas in outer suburbs.

DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2013.07.010     

[28] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Liu Y <given-names>Q, <name>Long H <given-names>L, <name>Li T <given-names>T, <etal>et al.Land use transitions and their effects on water environment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Land Use Policy, <year>2015, <volume>47: <fpage>293-<lpage>301.

This paper analyzes the spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of land use in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, one of the China's most important grain production bases experiencing rapid urban&ndash;rural transformation development, using high-resolution Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) data and series data of water environmental quality monitoring in 2000 and 2010, and related socio-economic data from government departments. After assessing the change of water environmental quality of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain during 2000&ndash;2010, three spatial econometric regression models including Spatial Lag Model (SLM), Spatial Error Model (SEM) and ordinary least squares (OLS) are used to explore the correlationships between land use transitions and water environmental changes. The outcomes indicated that, during the research period, land use pattern changes in the study area were characterized by the loss of large quantities of farmland and the increase of construction land and water body. On the whole, the water environment in the study area was obviously improved, but

DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.04.023     

[29] <mixed-citation publication-type="book" publication-format="print" magId="1">中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴. 北京: 中国统计出版社, <year>2014.

该书系统收录了全国和各省、自治区、直辖市2013年经济、社会各方面的统计数据，以及多个重要历史年份和近年全国主要统计数据，是一部全面反映中华人民共和国经济和社会发展情况的资料性年刊。　　本年鉴正文内容分为27个篇章，即： 1.综合；2.人口；3.国民经济核算；4.就业和工资；5.价格；6.人民生活；7.财政；8.资源和环境；9.能源；10.固定资产投资；11.对外经济贸易；12.农业；13.工业；14.建筑业；15.房地产；16.批发和零售业；17.住宿、餐饮业和旅游；18.运输和邮电；19.金融业；20.科学技术；21.教育；22.卫生和社会服务；23.文化和体育；24.公共管理、社会保障和社会组织；25.城市、农村和区域发展；26.香港特别行政区主要社会经济指标；27.澳门特别行政区主要社会经济指标；同时附录两个篇章：台湾省主要社会经济指标；国际主要社会经济指标。　　为方便读者使用，，各篇章前设有《简要说明》，对本篇章的主要内容、资料来源、统计范围、统计方法以及历史变动情况予以简要概述，篇末附有《主要统计指标解释》。

<mixed-citation magId="2">[NBSC. China Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, <year>2014.] [30] <mixed-citation publication-type="book" publication-format="print" magId="1">河南省统计局. 河南省统计年鉴. 北京: 河南统计出版社, <year>2014. <mixed-citation magId="2">[HNSB. Henan Statistical Yearbook. Zhengzhou: Henan Statistics Press, <year>2014.] [31] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Anselin <given-names>L, <name>Sridharan <given-names>S, <name>Gholston <given-names>S.Using exploratory spatial data analysis to leverage social indicator databases: The discovery of interesting patterns. Social Indicators Research, <year>2007, <volume>82(2): <fpage>287-<lpage>309.

Liu Y <given-names>S, <name>Lu S <given-names>S, <name>Chen <given-names>Yufu.Spatio-temporal change of urban-urban equalized development patterns in China and its driving factors. Journal of Rural Studies, <year>2013, <volume>32(6): <fpage>320-<lpage>330. [33] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name lang="CN">李裕瑞, <name lang="CN">刘彦随, <name lang="CN">龙花楼. 黄淮海典型地区村域转型发展的特征与机理. 地理学报, <year>2012, <volume>67(6): <fpage>771-<lpage>782.

村域是中国农村社会经济活动的基本单元,开展村域发展综合研究具有重要的理论和实践价值。本文基于对黄淮海平原3 个典型县区内5 个代表性村域在过去30 年的发展历程及影响因素的系统考察,探讨传统农区农业型村域转型发展的过程特征与内在机理。研究发现:① 在经济基础、人力资本和社会资本等内源性影响因素以及制度安排、市场需求和专业技术等外源性影响因素的综合作用下,案例村域大致经历了缓慢发展、逐渐起步、转型发展3 个阶段。② 案例村域转型发展过程的共性特征包括:重视民众参与;以能人为关键主体,着力实现内发动力与外发动力的统筹协调;日益重视抢占产业价值链的高附加值环节;创新是村域发展的力量源泉;战略、规划及行动力是村域发展的重要支撑;村域发展是一个自组织、网络化的动态过程。③ 其内在机理可归纳为:村民是村域发展的主体,能人是村域发展的核心因素,能人基于对村域自身资源禀赋、发展意愿、市场供需、政策导向、外域经验的洞察,着力激发内部动力、整合外部动力,共同构建协作组织、开展学习创新、制定发展战略、发展社会分工、参与市场竞争,切实推进村域自然—生态结构、技术—经济结构、制度—社会结构的优化,进而促进村域转型发展。在工业化、城镇化快速推进的新时期,为加速传统农区的村域转型发展和城乡一体化,应注重村域生产体系和城镇生产体系的要素融通、信息互享、产业融合、功能互补。

DOI: 10.11821/xb201206005     

<mixed-citation magId="2">[<name>Li <given-names>Yurui, <name>Liu <given-names>Yansui, <name>Long <given-names>Hualou.Characteristic and mechanism of village transformation development in typical regions of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Acta Geographica Sinica, <year>2012, <volume>67(6): <fpage>771-<lpage>782.] [34] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name lang="CN">安乾, <name lang="CN">吕可文, <name lang="CN">李小建.河南省城乡收入差距演变及空间格局研究. 河南大学学报: 自然科学版. <year>2012, <volume>42(6): <fpage>725-<lpage>732.

城乡收入差距扩大是我国社会经 济发展所面临的一项重大挑战.本文研究了1978年以来河南省城乡收入差距的演变轨迹、空间格局特征及其影响机制.分析结果:改革开放以来河南省城乡收入 绝对差距一直在扩大,而相对差距呈现"V"与"M"复合状变化,2003年后虽有缩小迹象,但仍维持在高位;城乡收入差距具有显著的区域不平衡性,空间格 局上具有对称性,城乡收入差距在富裕地区较小,而在贫困地区的表现则不具有一致性;城乡二元经济结构的刚性是影响河南城乡收入差距的主因,其影响机制是通 过城乡之间联系传递的,城乡之间联系又与地理地形、交通通讯条件紧密相关.基于此,不同的县域,缩小城乡收入差距的政策也应因地制宜.

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4978.2012.06.011     

<mixed-citation magId="2">[<name>An <given-names>Qian, <name>Lv <given-names>Kewen, <name>Li <given-names>Xiaojian.The study on the temporal evolution and spatial pattern of the urban-rural income inequality in Henan province. Journal of Henan University: Natural Science, <year>2012, <volume>42(6): <fpage>725-<lpage>732.] [35] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name>Liu Y <given-names>S, <name>Chen <given-names>C, <name>Li Y <given-names>R.Differentiation regularity of urban-rural equalized development at prefecture-level city in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, <year>2015, <volume>25(9): <fpage>1075-<lpage>1088.

The urban-rural equalized development (URED) as a definite measure and operating model is beneficial to gradually eliminating the dual-track structure of urban-rural development, bridging the gap of urban-rural development, and creating harmonious urban-rural interactions. This paper aims to explore the status quo of URED in China at prefecture level, and to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns of URED and its differentiation regularity. The results show that: (1) China’s URED level can be categorized into two parts, i.e., the eastern and the western, according to the “HU Huanyong Line”, presenting a pattern of “east high and west low” and the URED level improves on the whole with the increase of distance from the line; (2) China’s URED level can also be categorized into the northern and the southern parts according to “Kunlun-Qinling-Huaihe Line”, presenting a pattern of “north high and south low”, and the URED level reduces on the whole with the increase of distance from the line; (3) At the national level, China’s URED has a significant trend of spatial agglomeration, the high and low URED regions tend to be adjacent, namely, the URED level presents obvious regional unbalance; (4) The five sub-dimension indicators of the URED level in the geographical space also reveal similar regional differentiation pattern, and in the aspect of space a decreasing trend is found in the URED level from the eastern (northern coast, eastern coast and southern coast), the northeastern, the central (the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River) to the western (northwest and southwest); and (5) China’s URED at prefecture-level city can be divided into five types of differentiation areas. This study contributes to promoting the integrative cognition of the status quo of China’s URED and can serve as a scientific reference concerning the decision-making of coordinating urban-rural development and of pushing forward new-type urbanization strategy in China.

DOI: 10.1007/s11442-015-1220-9     

[36] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" magId="1"><name lang="CN">刘彦随, <name lang="CN">杨忍. 中国环渤海地区城乡发展转型格局测度. 地理学报, <year>2015, <volume>70(2): <fpage>248-<lpage>256.

城乡发展转型是城乡要素转移、战略转变、机制转换的综合人文过程.利用网格和地统计分析方法,揭示了环渤海地区城乡发展转型的中心性、动态性与差异性;利 用logistic回归模型,探测了城乡发展转型的空间敏感性.研究表明:①城乡发展转型中心性呈现以中心城市为核心的空间分异格局.平原地区逐渐形成以 省会城市为一级集聚中心、地级市为二级集聚中心、县级市及县城镇为三级集聚中心的空间格局,山区城乡发展转型的中心集聚性尚不明显.②城乡发展转型空间拓 展呈现“小聚集,大分散”的结构特征.以北京、天津、济南、沈阳、大连、石家庄、青岛为主要城市扩展核心,呈空间聚核模式持续向外蔓延拓展.沿海岸线的 “C”型带和港口群区域的土地快速非农化,成为城乡快速转型的热点区.③受点—轴—面区位要素综合影响,城乡发展转型的空间敏感性具有明显的区域差异性, 其最佳探测空间尺度为1200m.④未来城乡发展转型的极强敏感区以北京—天津—滨海新区为轴带,以京津为核心区,以辽东、山东半岛为两翼的环渤海区域经 济协同发展格局初步形成.合理有序的城乡空间开发应以城乡发展转型空间中心性、动态性和差异性为依据,科学实施城乡空间优化与差别化管控策略.

DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201502006     

<mixed-citation magId="2">[<name>Liu <given-names>Yansui, <name>Yang <given-names>Ren.The spatial pattern measure of urban-rural development transformation in the Bohai Rim region in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, <year>2015, <volume>70(2): <fpage>248-<lpage>256.]

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  本文关键词：黄淮海典型地区村域转型发展的特征与机理，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

本文编号：243545