北京市职住分离空间结构及其变化模拟

发布时间：2018-01-14 19:31

本文关键词：北京市职住分离空间结构及其变化模拟　出处：《首都师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在中国城市增长与空间重构的过程中,居住地与就业地的空间关系由“职住合一”演变为“职住分离”,随着中国经济的快速发展,居民在选择居住与就业空间以及通勤方式上也日趋多样化,职住分离程度加剧的同时,产生了交通拥堵以及环境等一系列城市问题,尤其是近年来越演越烈的PM2.5问题,已经引起人们的广泛关注。通勤作为职住分离的必然结果,是联系城市空间组成的重要纽带,是职住关系研究和城市空间结构研究的重要内容,从通勤行为角度探讨职住分离空间结构特征,并基于实验地理学的方法,从微观个体角度模拟研究北京城市的职住分离空间结构变化过程,无论是理论上还是实践上都具有重要意义。论文以北京为例,基于通勤行为视角,研究了近五年来城市职住分离空间结构的特征及变化,并基于智能体技术模拟了交通环境对城市职住关系的影响,得出以下结论： (1)北京城市居民职住空间结构主因子及街道类型有一定变化。主因子变化较大,其中比较稳定的有短距离非机动车出行；街道类型变化不大,不同的街道类型是2005年中程小汽车为主的街道类型在2010年演变为长距离小汽车为主的街道类型。 (2)北京城市居民的职住分离状况呈加剧分离趋势。从通勤时间角度来说,整体通勤时间变长,职住分离加剧；从职住分离空间结构角度来说,短距离非机动车出行的街道减少,中长距离公共交通出行的街道数量增多；轨道交通及小汽车出行的比例增加,职住分离街区及职住过度分离街区数量呈增长趋势。 (3)职住分离空间结构特征变化明显。短距离非机动车出行特征的职住接近街区的分布由东部集聚转变为城市西北部集聚；长距离公共交通出行、小汽车出行及轨道交通出行特征为主的职住过度分离街区数量上呈增长趋势,空间分布上由“小集聚”转变为“分散集聚”。 (4)通过文献收集结合研究结果,从宏观和微观个体角度简单分析了职住空间格局变化的影响因素。其中宏观因素主要包括城市化因素、交通环境因素、土地价格因素；个人因素主要有年龄、学历、家庭收入、家庭结构三个方面。 (5)探索了多智能体建模在职住关系研究中的应用,认为多智能体模拟技术作为实验地理学方法中的新的方法,在过程模拟与机制探讨方面极具优势,非常适合职住关系研究。
[Abstract]:In the process of China city growth and space reconstruction, the spatial relationship of residence and employment by "post live one" evolved into "duty to live isolated, with the rapid development of economy China, residents living in the selection and employment space and commuting mode is also increasingly diversified, while increasing the degree of separation of living and working, have the city traffic congestion and a series of environmental problems, especially in recent years, more and more intense PM2.5 problem, has aroused extensive attention.
As a result of the commuter separation of living and working, which is an important link connecting the city space, is an important content of research on the relationship between job housing and city spatial structure research, explore the separation of living and working characteristics of the spatial structure from the perspective of commuting behavior, and based on the method of experimental geography, from the micro perspective of individual simulation of Beijing city live post separation the spatial structure change process, whether in theory or in practice are of great significance. Taking Beijing as an example, commuting behavior based on the perspective of research in the recent five years of living and working and variable separation of city spatial structure characteristic, and based on multi-agent technology to simulate the influence of traffic environment on the relationship between the position of city living, the the following conclusions:
(1) Beijing city residents living and working space structure factor and street types have some changes. The main factor which changes greatly, relatively stable in the short distance of non motorized travel; street types changed little, different street types is 2005 medium car based street types in 2010 evolved into a long distance car based street types.
(2) Beijing city residents living and working state of separation was aggravated separation trend. From the perspective of commuting time, overall commuting time becomes longer and the duty to live isolated from intensified; separation of living and working space structure perspective, the short distance of non motorized travel streets reduced, middle and long distance public transport travel increased number of street track; traffic and car travel increased the proportion of the duty to live isolated blocks and post live over separation block shows growth trend.
(3) separation of living and working characteristics of the spatial structure change obviously. The distribution of short distance travel characteristics of non motor vehicle service by the Eastern District lived close to the northwestern city agglomeration agglomeration change; long distance public transport, car and rail traffic characteristics based on the number of jobs housing over the separation block showed a rising trend, spatial distribution from "small concentration" to "disperse agglomeration".
(4) through the literature collection based on the research result, from macro and micro perspective of individual simply analyzes the influencing factors of job housing spatial pattern changes. The macro factors include city traffic factors, environmental factors, land price factors; personal factors include age, education, family income, family structure in three aspects.
(5) explore the application of multi-agent modeling in in-service relationship research. We think that multi-agent simulation technology is a new method in experimental geography method. It has great advantages in process simulation and mechanism exploration, and is very suitable for research on relationship between workers and employees.

【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C912.81

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